Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor
Abstract Vanillin is a popular flavoring agent in many food products. Simple, fast, and reliable quantification of this compound is crucial for the food industry. In this work, we have developed a new electrochemical sensor for accurate detection of vanillin in various real samples. The composite el...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45342-6 |
| _version_ | 1797452898079080448 |
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| author | Sara Dehdashtian Shengnian Wang Teresa A. Murray Mahdieh Chegeni Sadegh Rostamnia Nazir Fattahi |
| author_facet | Sara Dehdashtian Shengnian Wang Teresa A. Murray Mahdieh Chegeni Sadegh Rostamnia Nazir Fattahi |
| author_sort | Sara Dehdashtian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Vanillin is a popular flavoring agent in many food products. Simple, fast, and reliable quantification of this compound is crucial for the food industry. In this work, we have developed a new electrochemical sensor for accurate detection of vanillin in various real samples. The composite electrode was made of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (SMM) and gold nanoparticles modified ZIF-67 (Au@ZIF-67), in which SMM contributes to the large adsorption capacity of the analyte, ZIF-67 and SMM supply more sensing active sites, and gold nanoparticles provide high electrical conductivity. The sensing electrode was comprehensively characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, EDS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TEM, and its electrochemical behavior for determination of vanillin including the electrooxidation mechanism of vanillin and different parameters such as scan rate and pH value was investigated. The result revealed that a two electron-two proton process was involved in the electrooxidation of vanillin, which takes place more readily due to the lower potential on the surface of SMM/Au@ZIF-67/carbon paste electrode. The new composite electrode was also more sensitive to vanillin detection with an anodic peak current almost 2.6 times more than that of the bare electrode. A linear sensing concentration range was established between 1 and 1200 nM with a detection limit of 0. 3 nM and a limit of quantitation of 1 nM. For real samples, the sensor demonstrated excellent recovery rates and reliability that was comparable to the standard high-performance liquid chromatography method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:15:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-235011ac68b141bf9f15576656ae3111 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:15:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-235011ac68b141bf9f15576656ae31112023-11-26T13:07:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-10-0113111110.1038/s41598-023-45342-6Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensorSara Dehdashtian0Shengnian Wang1Teresa A. Murray2Mahdieh Chegeni3Sadegh Rostamnia4Nazir Fattahi5Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech UniversityInstitute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech UniversityInstitute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi UniversityOrganic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesAbstract Vanillin is a popular flavoring agent in many food products. Simple, fast, and reliable quantification of this compound is crucial for the food industry. In this work, we have developed a new electrochemical sensor for accurate detection of vanillin in various real samples. The composite electrode was made of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (SMM) and gold nanoparticles modified ZIF-67 (Au@ZIF-67), in which SMM contributes to the large adsorption capacity of the analyte, ZIF-67 and SMM supply more sensing active sites, and gold nanoparticles provide high electrical conductivity. The sensing electrode was comprehensively characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, EDS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TEM, and its electrochemical behavior for determination of vanillin including the electrooxidation mechanism of vanillin and different parameters such as scan rate and pH value was investigated. The result revealed that a two electron-two proton process was involved in the electrooxidation of vanillin, which takes place more readily due to the lower potential on the surface of SMM/Au@ZIF-67/carbon paste electrode. The new composite electrode was also more sensitive to vanillin detection with an anodic peak current almost 2.6 times more than that of the bare electrode. A linear sensing concentration range was established between 1 and 1200 nM with a detection limit of 0. 3 nM and a limit of quantitation of 1 nM. For real samples, the sensor demonstrated excellent recovery rates and reliability that was comparable to the standard high-performance liquid chromatography method.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45342-6 |
| spellingShingle | Sara Dehdashtian Shengnian Wang Teresa A. Murray Mahdieh Chegeni Sadegh Rostamnia Nazir Fattahi Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor Scientific Reports |
| title | Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor |
| title_full | Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor |
| title_fullStr | Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor |
| title_short | Determination of vanillin in different food samples by using SMM/Au@ZIF-67 electrochemical sensor |
| title_sort | determination of vanillin in different food samples by using smm au zif 67 electrochemical sensor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45342-6 |
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