Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder
Background: Gaming disorder (GD) is a disorder due to addictive behaviors (ICD-11). Cue-reactivity and craving are relevant mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. When confronted with cues showing in-game content (proximal cues) individuals with higher symptom severity...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000366 |
| _version_ | 1797774597825757184 |
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| author | Martin Diers Silke M. Müller Lukas Mallon Anna M. Schmid Tobias A. Thomas Lena Klein Kseniya Krikova Rudolf Stark Elisa Wegmann Sabine Steins-Loeber Matthias Brand Stephanie Antons |
| author_facet | Martin Diers Silke M. Müller Lukas Mallon Anna M. Schmid Tobias A. Thomas Lena Klein Kseniya Krikova Rudolf Stark Elisa Wegmann Sabine Steins-Loeber Matthias Brand Stephanie Antons |
| author_sort | Martin Diers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Gaming disorder (GD) is a disorder due to addictive behaviors (ICD-11). Cue-reactivity and craving are relevant mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. When confronted with cues showing in-game content (proximal cues) individuals with higher symptom severity show increased cue-reactivity. Based on conditioning and addiction theories on incentive sensitization, cue-reactivity responses may generalize to more distal cues, e.g. when individuals at risk of developing a GD are confronted with a starting page of an online game. In cue-reactivity paradigms so far, only proximal gaming cues have been used. Methods: We investigated the effect of distal gaming cues compared to gaming-unrelated control cues on cue-reactivity and craving in 88 individuals with non-problematic use of online games (nPGU) and 69 individuals at risk for GD (rGD). The distal cues showed the use of an electronic device (e.g., desktop PC or smartphone) whose screen showed starting pages of either games (target cues), shopping- or pornography sites (control cues) from a first-person perspective. Findings: We found significantly higher urge and arousal ratings as well as longer viewing times for gaming-related compared to gaming-unrelated control cues in rGD compared to nPGU. Valence ratings did not differ between groups. Interpretation: The results demonstrate that already distal gaming-specific cues lead to cue-reactivity and craving in rGD. This finding indicates that based on conditioning processes, cue-reactivity and craving develop during the course of GD and generalize to cues that are only moderately related to the specific gaming activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:23:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2369347e17664156a1faa700d73dfcec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0010-440X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:23:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-2369347e17664156a1faa700d73dfcec2023-07-23T04:53:29ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychiatry0010-440X2023-08-01125152399Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorderMartin Diers0Silke M. Müller1Lukas Mallon2Anna M. Schmid3Tobias A. Thomas4Lena Klein5Kseniya Krikova6Rudolf Stark7Elisa Wegmann8Sabine Steins-Loeber9Matthias Brand10Stephanie Antons11Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Corresponding author at: Clinical and Experimental Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1–3, 44791 Bochum, Germany.General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, GermanyDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, GermanyDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyGeneral Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, GermanyDepartment of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University Siegen, Siegen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Bender Institute for Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Phillips University Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, GermanyGeneral Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, GermanyGeneral Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, GermanyGeneral Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, GermanyBackground: Gaming disorder (GD) is a disorder due to addictive behaviors (ICD-11). Cue-reactivity and craving are relevant mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. When confronted with cues showing in-game content (proximal cues) individuals with higher symptom severity show increased cue-reactivity. Based on conditioning and addiction theories on incentive sensitization, cue-reactivity responses may generalize to more distal cues, e.g. when individuals at risk of developing a GD are confronted with a starting page of an online game. In cue-reactivity paradigms so far, only proximal gaming cues have been used. Methods: We investigated the effect of distal gaming cues compared to gaming-unrelated control cues on cue-reactivity and craving in 88 individuals with non-problematic use of online games (nPGU) and 69 individuals at risk for GD (rGD). The distal cues showed the use of an electronic device (e.g., desktop PC or smartphone) whose screen showed starting pages of either games (target cues), shopping- or pornography sites (control cues) from a first-person perspective. Findings: We found significantly higher urge and arousal ratings as well as longer viewing times for gaming-related compared to gaming-unrelated control cues in rGD compared to nPGU. Valence ratings did not differ between groups. Interpretation: The results demonstrate that already distal gaming-specific cues lead to cue-reactivity and craving in rGD. This finding indicates that based on conditioning processes, cue-reactivity and craving develop during the course of GD and generalize to cues that are only moderately related to the specific gaming activity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000366Cue-reactivityDistal cuesRisky gaming usersInternet addictionAddictive behaviors |
| spellingShingle | Martin Diers Silke M. Müller Lukas Mallon Anna M. Schmid Tobias A. Thomas Lena Klein Kseniya Krikova Rudolf Stark Elisa Wegmann Sabine Steins-Loeber Matthias Brand Stephanie Antons Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder Comprehensive Psychiatry Cue-reactivity Distal cues Risky gaming users Internet addiction Addictive behaviors |
| title | Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| title_full | Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| title_fullStr | Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| title_short | Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| title_sort | cue reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder |
| topic | Cue-reactivity Distal cues Risky gaming users Internet addiction Addictive behaviors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X23000366 |
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