Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco)
Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. In addition to its culinary utilization, this spice is used for medicinal purposes such as in pain management. In this study, the analgesic activity of <i>Crocus sativus</i> stigma extract (CSSE) was evaluated in rodents and its possible...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3339 |
| _version_ | 1797497338602717184 |
|---|---|
| author | Maroua Ait Tastift Rachida Makbal Thouria Bourhim Zineb Omari Hiroko Isoda Chemseddoha Gadhi |
| author_facet | Maroua Ait Tastift Rachida Makbal Thouria Bourhim Zineb Omari Hiroko Isoda Chemseddoha Gadhi |
| author_sort | Maroua Ait Tastift |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. In addition to its culinary utilization, this spice is used for medicinal purposes such as in pain management. In this study, the analgesic activity of <i>Crocus sativus</i> stigma extract (CSSE) was evaluated in rodents and its possible physiological mechanism was elucidated. The anti-nociceptive effect of CSSE was evaluated using three animal models (hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests). The analgesic pathways involved were assessed using various analgesia-mediating receptors antagonists. The oral administration of CSSE, up to 2000 mg/kg, caused no death or changes in the behavior or in the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of treated animals nor in the histological architecture of the animals’ livers and kidneys. CSSE showed a central, dose-dependent, anti-nociceptive effect in response to thermal stimuli; and a peripheral analgesic effect in the test of contortions induced by acetic acid. The dual (central and peripheral) analgesic effect was confirmed by the formalin test. The anti-nociceptive activity of CSSE was totally or partially reversed by the co-administration of receptor antagonists, naloxone, atropine, haloperidol, yohimbine, and glibenclamide. CSSE influenced signal processing, by the modulation of the opioidergic, adrenergic, and muscarinic systems at the peripheral and central levels; and by regulation of the dopaminergic system and control of the opening of the ATP-sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channels at the spinal level. The obtained data point to a multimodal mechanism of action for CSSE: An anti-inflammatory effect and a modulation, through different physiological pathways, of the electrical signal generated by the nociceptors. Further clinical trials are required to endorse the potential utilization of Moroccan saffron as a natural painkiller. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-236c0277000a40b099a74117246afcff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:18:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-236c0277000a40b099a74117246afcff2023-11-23T12:24:55ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012710333910.3390/molecules27103339Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco)Maroua Ait Tastift0Rachida Makbal1Thouria Bourhim2Zineb Omari3Hiroko Isoda4Chemseddoha Gadhi5Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, JapanLaboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoSaffron is the most expensive spice in the world. In addition to its culinary utilization, this spice is used for medicinal purposes such as in pain management. In this study, the analgesic activity of <i>Crocus sativus</i> stigma extract (CSSE) was evaluated in rodents and its possible physiological mechanism was elucidated. The anti-nociceptive effect of CSSE was evaluated using three animal models (hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests). The analgesic pathways involved were assessed using various analgesia-mediating receptors antagonists. The oral administration of CSSE, up to 2000 mg/kg, caused no death or changes in the behavior or in the hematological and biochemical blood parameters of treated animals nor in the histological architecture of the animals’ livers and kidneys. CSSE showed a central, dose-dependent, anti-nociceptive effect in response to thermal stimuli; and a peripheral analgesic effect in the test of contortions induced by acetic acid. The dual (central and peripheral) analgesic effect was confirmed by the formalin test. The anti-nociceptive activity of CSSE was totally or partially reversed by the co-administration of receptor antagonists, naloxone, atropine, haloperidol, yohimbine, and glibenclamide. CSSE influenced signal processing, by the modulation of the opioidergic, adrenergic, and muscarinic systems at the peripheral and central levels; and by regulation of the dopaminergic system and control of the opening of the ATP-sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channels at the spinal level. The obtained data point to a multimodal mechanism of action for CSSE: An anti-inflammatory effect and a modulation, through different physiological pathways, of the electrical signal generated by the nociceptors. Further clinical trials are required to endorse the potential utilization of Moroccan saffron as a natural painkiller.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3339<i>Crocus sativus</i>stigmaanalgesiareceptor systemsMoroccan saffron |
| spellingShingle | Maroua Ait Tastift Rachida Makbal Thouria Bourhim Zineb Omari Hiroko Isoda Chemseddoha Gadhi Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) Molecules <i>Crocus sativus</i> stigma analgesia receptor systems Moroccan saffron |
| title | Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) |
| title_full | Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) |
| title_fullStr | Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) |
| title_short | Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco) |
| title_sort | safety assessment and pain relief properties of saffron from taliouine region morocco |
| topic | <i>Crocus sativus</i> stigma analgesia receptor systems Moroccan saffron |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/10/3339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marouaaittastift safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco AT rachidamakbal safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco AT thouriabourhim safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco AT zinebomari safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco AT hirokoisoda safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco AT chemseddohagadhi safetyassessmentandpainreliefpropertiesofsaffronfromtaliouineregionmorocco |