Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Adult neurogenesis represents a mature brain’s capacity to integrate newly generated neurons into functional circuits. Impairment of neurogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of various mood and cognitive disorders such as depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. The hippocampal neurogenic niche ho...
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| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| 丛编: | Brain Sciences |
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| 在线阅读: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1299 |
| _version_ | 1827679945938173952 |
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| author | Luke Parkitny Mirjana Maletic-Savatic |
| author_facet | Luke Parkitny Mirjana Maletic-Savatic |
| author_sort | Luke Parkitny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adult neurogenesis represents a mature brain’s capacity to integrate newly generated neurons into functional circuits. Impairment of neurogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of various mood and cognitive disorders such as depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. The hippocampal neurogenic niche hosts neural progenitors, glia, and vasculature, which all respond to intrinsic and environmental cues, helping determine their current state and ultimate fate. In this article we focus on the major immune communication pathways and mechanisms through which glial cells sense, interact with, and modulate the neurogenic niche. We pay particular attention to those related to the sensing of and response to innate immune danger signals. Receptors for danger signals were first discovered as a critical component of the innate immune system response to pathogens but are now also recognized to play a crucial role in modulating non-pathogenic sterile inflammation. In the neurogenic niche, viable, stressed, apoptotic, and dying cells can activate danger responses in neuroimmune cells, resulting in neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. Through these mechanisms glial cells can influence hippocampal stem cell fate, survival, neuronal maturation, and integration. Depending on the context, such responses may be appropriate and on-target, as in the case of learning-associated synaptic pruning, or excessive and off-target, as in neurodegenerative disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-236c3c65cd714603a5a8cd996d82a9e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-236c3c65cd714603a5a8cd996d82a9e12023-11-22T17:36:59ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-09-011110129910.3390/brainsci11101299Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal NeurogenesisLuke Parkitny0Mirjana Maletic-Savatic1Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USABaylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USAAdult neurogenesis represents a mature brain’s capacity to integrate newly generated neurons into functional circuits. Impairment of neurogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of various mood and cognitive disorders such as depression and Alzheimer’s Disease. The hippocampal neurogenic niche hosts neural progenitors, glia, and vasculature, which all respond to intrinsic and environmental cues, helping determine their current state and ultimate fate. In this article we focus on the major immune communication pathways and mechanisms through which glial cells sense, interact with, and modulate the neurogenic niche. We pay particular attention to those related to the sensing of and response to innate immune danger signals. Receptors for danger signals were first discovered as a critical component of the innate immune system response to pathogens but are now also recognized to play a crucial role in modulating non-pathogenic sterile inflammation. In the neurogenic niche, viable, stressed, apoptotic, and dying cells can activate danger responses in neuroimmune cells, resulting in neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. Through these mechanisms glial cells can influence hippocampal stem cell fate, survival, neuronal maturation, and integration. Depending on the context, such responses may be appropriate and on-target, as in the case of learning-associated synaptic pruning, or excessive and off-target, as in neurodegenerative disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1299neurogenesisneural stem cellsneuroinflammationmicrogliaglia |
| spellingShingle | Luke Parkitny Mirjana Maletic-Savatic Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Brain Sciences neurogenesis neural stem cells neuroinflammation microglia glia |
| title | Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis |
| title_full | Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis |
| title_short | Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis |
| title_sort | glial pampering and dampening of adult hippocampal neurogenesis |
| topic | neurogenesis neural stem cells neuroinflammation microglia glia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1299 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lukeparkitny glialpamperinganddampeningofadulthippocampalneurogenesis AT mirjanamaleticsavatic glialpamperinganddampeningofadulthippocampalneurogenesis |