Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the first causes of death and disability in the world. Because of the lack of macroscopical or histologic evidence of the damage, the forensic diagnosis of TBI could be particularly difficult. Considering that the activation of autophagy in the brain after a TB...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/72 |
| _version_ | 1797625672615591936 |
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| author | Tommaso Livieri Calogero Cuttaia Raffaella Vetrini Monica Concato Michela Peruch Margherita Neri Davide Radaelli Stefano D’Errico |
| author_facet | Tommaso Livieri Calogero Cuttaia Raffaella Vetrini Monica Concato Michela Peruch Margherita Neri Davide Radaelli Stefano D’Errico |
| author_sort | Tommaso Livieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the first causes of death and disability in the world. Because of the lack of macroscopical or histologic evidence of the damage, the forensic diagnosis of TBI could be particularly difficult. Considering that the activation of autophagy in the brain after a TBI is well documented in literature, the aim of this review is to find all autophagy immunohistological protein markers that are modified after TBI to propose a method to diagnose this eventuality in the brain of trauma victims. A systematic literature review on PubMed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines has enabled the identification of 241 articles. In all, 21 of these were enrolled to identify 24 markers that could be divided into two groups. The first consisted of well-known markers that could be considered for a first diagnosis of TBI. The second consisted of new markers recently proposed in the literature that could be used in combination with the markers of the first group to define the elapsed time between trauma and death. However, the use of these markers has to be validated in the future in human tissue by further studies, and the influence of other diseases affecting the victims before death should be explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:59:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2383dcbfa93c46a1bfaed5a6ecb32854 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2383dcbfa93c46a1bfaed5a6ecb328542023-11-16T15:28:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-012417210.3390/ijms24010072Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain InjuryTommaso Livieri0Calogero Cuttaia1Raffaella Vetrini2Monica Concato3Michela Peruch4Margherita Neri5Davide Radaelli6Stefano D’Errico7Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, Section of Public Health Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, ItalyTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the first causes of death and disability in the world. Because of the lack of macroscopical or histologic evidence of the damage, the forensic diagnosis of TBI could be particularly difficult. Considering that the activation of autophagy in the brain after a TBI is well documented in literature, the aim of this review is to find all autophagy immunohistological protein markers that are modified after TBI to propose a method to diagnose this eventuality in the brain of trauma victims. A systematic literature review on PubMed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines has enabled the identification of 241 articles. In all, 21 of these were enrolled to identify 24 markers that could be divided into two groups. The first consisted of well-known markers that could be considered for a first diagnosis of TBI. The second consisted of new markers recently proposed in the literature that could be used in combination with the markers of the first group to define the elapsed time between trauma and death. However, the use of these markers has to be validated in the future in human tissue by further studies, and the influence of other diseases affecting the victims before death should be explored.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/72traumatic brain injuryautophagymitophagyautopsyimmunohistochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Tommaso Livieri Calogero Cuttaia Raffaella Vetrini Monica Concato Michela Peruch Margherita Neri Davide Radaelli Stefano D’Errico Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury International Journal of Molecular Sciences traumatic brain injury autophagy mitophagy autopsy immunohistochemistry |
| title | Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_full | Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_fullStr | Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_short | Old and Promising Markers Related to Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_sort | old and promising markers related to autophagy in traumatic brain injury |
| topic | traumatic brain injury autophagy mitophagy autopsy immunohistochemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/1/72 |
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