Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring−foaming agent (CFA) <i>N</i>-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolam...
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MDPI AG
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/1/42 |
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| author | Tentu Nageswara Rao T. Manohra Naidu Min Soo Kim Botsa Parvatamma Y. Prashanthi Bon Heun Koo |
| author_facet | Tentu Nageswara Rao T. Manohra Naidu Min Soo Kim Botsa Parvatamma Y. Prashanthi Bon Heun Koo |
| author_sort | Tentu Nageswara Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring−foaming agent (CFA) <i>N</i>-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine as precursor molecules. FTIR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies were employed to characterize and confirm the synthesized ETPMP structure. New intumescent flame retardant epoxy coating compositions were prepared by adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ETPMP, and ZnO NPs into an epoxy resin. APP and ETPMP were fixed in a 2:1 w/w ratio and used as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. ZnO NPs were loaded as a synergistic agent in different amounts into the IFR coating system. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs on IFR coatings were systematically evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning tests (UL-94 V), TGA, cone calorimeter tests, and SEM. The obtained results revealed that a small amount of ZnO NPs significantly increased the LOI values of the IFR coating and these coatings had a V-0 ratings in UL-94 V tests. From the TGA data, it is clear that the addition of ZnO NPs could change the thermal degradation behaviors of coatings with increasing char residue percentage at high temperatures. Cone calorimeter data reported that ZnO NPs could decrease the combustion parameters including peak heat release rates (PHRRs), and total heat release (THR) rates. The SEM results showed that ZnO NPs could enhance the strength and the compactness of the intumescent char, which restricted the flow of heat and oxygen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:36:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23923a0ee56d4f3187ee01d453f21e97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:36:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-23923a0ee56d4f3187ee01d453f21e972022-12-21T20:19:11ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912019-12-011014210.3390/nano10010042nano10010042Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant CoatingsTentu Nageswara Rao0T. Manohra Naidu1Min Soo Kim2Botsa Parvatamma3Y. Prashanthi4Bon Heun Koo5School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, KoreaDepartment of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, KoreaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Gayathri P.G Courses, Gotlam, Vizianagaram, AP 535003, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda 508254, Telangana, IndiaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, KoreaZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring−foaming agent (CFA) <i>N</i>-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine as precursor molecules. FTIR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies were employed to characterize and confirm the synthesized ETPMP structure. New intumescent flame retardant epoxy coating compositions were prepared by adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ETPMP, and ZnO NPs into an epoxy resin. APP and ETPMP were fixed in a 2:1 w/w ratio and used as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. ZnO NPs were loaded as a synergistic agent in different amounts into the IFR coating system. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs on IFR coatings were systematically evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning tests (UL-94 V), TGA, cone calorimeter tests, and SEM. The obtained results revealed that a small amount of ZnO NPs significantly increased the LOI values of the IFR coating and these coatings had a V-0 ratings in UL-94 V tests. From the TGA data, it is clear that the addition of ZnO NPs could change the thermal degradation behaviors of coatings with increasing char residue percentage at high temperatures. Cone calorimeter data reported that ZnO NPs could decrease the combustion parameters including peak heat release rates (PHRRs), and total heat release (THR) rates. The SEM results showed that ZnO NPs could enhance the strength and the compactness of the intumescent char, which restricted the flow of heat and oxygen.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/1/42ifrchar–foaming agentzno npsphrrthrtga |
| spellingShingle | Tentu Nageswara Rao T. Manohra Naidu Min Soo Kim Botsa Parvatamma Y. Prashanthi Bon Heun Koo Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings Nanomaterials ifr char–foaming agent zno nps phrr thr tga |
| title | Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings |
| title_full | Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings |
| title_short | Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings |
| title_sort | influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles and char forming agent polymer on flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant coatings |
| topic | ifr char–foaming agent zno nps phrr thr tga |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/1/42 |
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