Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut
The Botrytis bunch mold, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> pathogen is a necrotrophic ascomycete that infects hundreds of plant species, including hazelnut. <i>B. cinerea</i> produces toxins that induce cell wall degrading enzymes. In the current research work, we used eight hazelnut v...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/3/565 |
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| author | Jun Sun Xuemei Zhang Jinli Zheng Guangping Liu Lijing Chen |
| author_facet | Jun Sun Xuemei Zhang Jinli Zheng Guangping Liu Lijing Chen |
| author_sort | Jun Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Botrytis bunch mold, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> pathogen is a necrotrophic ascomycete that infects hundreds of plant species, including hazelnut. <i>B. cinerea</i> produces toxins that induce cell wall degrading enzymes. In the current research work, we used eight hazelnut varieties and recorded their resistance levels in response to <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Results showed that different varieties respond differently to <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Disease index analysis revealed the resistance level of eight hazelnut varieties in the order of DW > OZ > L3 > PZ > XD1 > YZ > L1 > QX. Moreover, cell membrane permeability as well as the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes were measured. The increased level of cell wall degrading enzymes facilitates the fungal pathogens’ ability to colonize plants and cause infection. According to the results obtained through enzyme analysis, the hazelnut varieties L1 and QX, which were proved to be highly susceptible against <i>B. cinerea</i>, had the highest cell wall degrading enzyme production. DW and OZ, which were revealed to be resistant varieties through disease index data, also showed relatively lower activity of degrading enzymes as compared to other varieties. Our comparison analysis between the disease index and enzyme production confirms that disease occurrence and plant susceptibility strongly depend upon cell wall permeability. Our enzyme activity results validated the resistance order revealed by disease index assessment results (DW > OZ > L3 > PZ > XD1 > YZ > L1 > QX), and varieties DW and OZ were found to be the most resistant, while QX and L1 were found to be the most susceptible varieties against <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Our study lays the foundation to further explore other factors involved in grey mold resistance in hazelnut. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:30:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2396a670ddc64eadb354a40649897a05 |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:30:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-2396a670ddc64eadb354a40649897a052023-11-17T11:10:21ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-03-0114356510.3390/f14030565Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in HazelnutJun Sun0Xuemei Zhang1Jinli Zheng2Guangping Liu3Lijing Chen4Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Dalian 116031, ChinaLiaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Dalian 116031, ChinaCollege of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, ChinaThe Botrytis bunch mold, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> pathogen is a necrotrophic ascomycete that infects hundreds of plant species, including hazelnut. <i>B. cinerea</i> produces toxins that induce cell wall degrading enzymes. In the current research work, we used eight hazelnut varieties and recorded their resistance levels in response to <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Results showed that different varieties respond differently to <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Disease index analysis revealed the resistance level of eight hazelnut varieties in the order of DW > OZ > L3 > PZ > XD1 > YZ > L1 > QX. Moreover, cell membrane permeability as well as the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes were measured. The increased level of cell wall degrading enzymes facilitates the fungal pathogens’ ability to colonize plants and cause infection. According to the results obtained through enzyme analysis, the hazelnut varieties L1 and QX, which were proved to be highly susceptible against <i>B. cinerea</i>, had the highest cell wall degrading enzyme production. DW and OZ, which were revealed to be resistant varieties through disease index data, also showed relatively lower activity of degrading enzymes as compared to other varieties. Our comparison analysis between the disease index and enzyme production confirms that disease occurrence and plant susceptibility strongly depend upon cell wall permeability. Our enzyme activity results validated the resistance order revealed by disease index assessment results (DW > OZ > L3 > PZ > XD1 > YZ > L1 > QX), and varieties DW and OZ were found to be the most resistant, while QX and L1 were found to be the most susceptible varieties against <i>B. cinerea</i> infection. Our study lays the foundation to further explore other factors involved in grey mold resistance in hazelnut.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/3/565<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>hazelnutgrey moldresistanceenzymes |
| spellingShingle | Jun Sun Xuemei Zhang Jinli Zheng Guangping Liu Lijing Chen Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut Forests <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> hazelnut grey mold resistance enzymes |
| title | Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut |
| title_full | Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut |
| title_fullStr | Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut |
| title_full_unstemmed | Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut |
| title_short | Importance of Cell Wall Permeability and Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes during Infection of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in Hazelnut |
| title_sort | importance of cell wall permeability and cell wall degrading enzymes during infection of i botrytis cinerea i in hazelnut |
| topic | <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> hazelnut grey mold resistance enzymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/3/565 |
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