Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach
In this research, the mechanical properties of lightweight mortars containing different percentages of additional powder materials has been investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design, one of the RSM techniques, was used to study the effects of silica fume content (5, 1...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7405 |
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| author | Mehmet Kaya Zeynel Baran Yıldırım Fuat Köksal Ahmet Beycioğlu Izabela Kasprzyk |
| author_facet | Mehmet Kaya Zeynel Baran Yıldırım Fuat Köksal Ahmet Beycioğlu Izabela Kasprzyk |
| author_sort | Mehmet Kaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this research, the mechanical properties of lightweight mortars containing different percentages of additional powder materials has been investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design, one of the RSM techniques, was used to study the effects of silica fume content (5, 10, and 15%), vermiculite/cement (V/C) ratio (4, 6, and 8), and temperature (300, 600, and 900 °C) on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), bending strength, and compressive strength of lightweight mortars. Design expert statistical software was accustomed to determining and evaluating the mix-design of materials in mortar mixtures and temperature effect on mortars. After preliminary experimental research of the relationships between independent and response variables, regression models were built. During the selection of the model parameters, F value, p-value, and R<sup>2</sup> values of the statistical models were taken into account by using the backward elimination technique. The results showed a high correlation between the variables and responses. Multi-objective optimization results showed that the critical temperatures for different levels of silica fume (5–10–15%) were obtained as 371.6 °C, 306.3 °C, and 436 °C, respectively, when the V/C ratio kept constant as 4. According to the results obtained at high desirability levels, it is found that the UPS values varied in the range of 2480–2737 m/s, flexural strength of 3.13–3.81 MPa, and compressive strength of 9.9–11.5 MPa at these critical temperatures. As a result of this research, RSM is highly recommended to evaluate mechanical properties where concrete includes some additional powder materials and was exposed to high temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:49:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2396b2ca22a4493b83b7e288c0804777 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:49:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2396b2ca22a4493b83b7e288c08047772023-11-23T02:43:05ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-12-011423740510.3390/ma14237405Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization ApproachMehmet Kaya0Zeynel Baran Yıldırım1Fuat Köksal2Ahmet Beycioğlu3Izabela Kasprzyk4Department of Civil Engineering, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, TurkeyFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, PolandIn this research, the mechanical properties of lightweight mortars containing different percentages of additional powder materials has been investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design, one of the RSM techniques, was used to study the effects of silica fume content (5, 10, and 15%), vermiculite/cement (V/C) ratio (4, 6, and 8), and temperature (300, 600, and 900 °C) on the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), bending strength, and compressive strength of lightweight mortars. Design expert statistical software was accustomed to determining and evaluating the mix-design of materials in mortar mixtures and temperature effect on mortars. After preliminary experimental research of the relationships between independent and response variables, regression models were built. During the selection of the model parameters, F value, p-value, and R<sup>2</sup> values of the statistical models were taken into account by using the backward elimination technique. The results showed a high correlation between the variables and responses. Multi-objective optimization results showed that the critical temperatures for different levels of silica fume (5–10–15%) were obtained as 371.6 °C, 306.3 °C, and 436 °C, respectively, when the V/C ratio kept constant as 4. According to the results obtained at high desirability levels, it is found that the UPS values varied in the range of 2480–2737 m/s, flexural strength of 3.13–3.81 MPa, and compressive strength of 9.9–11.5 MPa at these critical temperatures. As a result of this research, RSM is highly recommended to evaluate mechanical properties where concrete includes some additional powder materials and was exposed to high temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7405lightweight mortarsilica fumeexpanded vermiculiteresponse surface methodologybox-Behnken design |
| spellingShingle | Mehmet Kaya Zeynel Baran Yıldırım Fuat Köksal Ahmet Beycioğlu Izabela Kasprzyk Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach Materials lightweight mortar silica fume expanded vermiculite response surface methodology box-Behnken design |
| title | Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach |
| title_full | Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach |
| title_short | Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Lightweight Mortars Parameters at Elevated Temperature via Box–Behnken Optimization Approach |
| title_sort | evaluation and multi objective optimization of lightweight mortars parameters at elevated temperature via box behnken optimization approach |
| topic | lightweight mortar silica fume expanded vermiculite response surface methodology box-Behnken design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7405 |
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