Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018)
Background: Diabetes accounted for approximately 10% of all-cause mortality among those 20–79 years of age worldwide in 2019. In 1986–1989, Hispanics in the United States of America (USA) represented 6.9% of the national population with diabetes, and this proportion increased to 15.1% in 2010–2014....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/19/4498 |
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| author | Alberto Barcelo Alfredo Valdivia Angelo Sabag Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez Arise Garcia de Siqueira Galil Fernando A.B. Colugnati María Pastor-Valero |
| author_facet | Alberto Barcelo Alfredo Valdivia Angelo Sabag Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez Arise Garcia de Siqueira Galil Fernando A.B. Colugnati María Pastor-Valero |
| author_sort | Alberto Barcelo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Diabetes accounted for approximately 10% of all-cause mortality among those 20–79 years of age worldwide in 2019. In 1986–1989, Hispanics in the United States of America (USA) represented 6.9% of the national population with diabetes, and this proportion increased to 15.1% in 2010–2014. Recently published findings demonstrated the impact of attained education on amenable mortality attributable to diabetes among Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (HNBs). Previous cohort studies have shown that low education is also a detrimental factor for diabetes mortality among the Hispanic population in the USA. However, the long-term impact of low education on diabetes mortality among Hispanics in the USA is yet to be determined. Aims and methods: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of achieving a 12th-grade education on amenable mortality due to diabetes among Hispanics in the USA from 1989 to 2018. We used a time-series designed to analyze death certificate data of Hispanic-classified men and women, aged 25 to 74 years, whose underlying cause of death was diabetes, between 1989 and 2018. Death certificate data from the USA National Center for Health Statistics was downloaded, as well as USA population estimates by age, sex, and ethnicity from the USA Census Bureau. The analyses were undertaken using JointPoint software and the Age–Period–Cohort Web Tool, both developed by the USA National Cancer Institute. Results: The analyses showed that between 1989 to 2018, age- and sex-standardized diabetes mortality rates among the least educated individuals were higher than those among the most educated individuals (both sexes together, <i>p</i> = 0.036; males, <i>p</i> = 0.053; females, <i>p</i> = 0.036). The difference between the least and most educated individuals became more pronounced in recent years, as shown by independent confidence intervals across the study period. Sex-based analyses revealed that the age-adjUSAted diabetes mortality rate had increased to a greater extent among the least educated males and females, respectively, than among the most educated. Conclusions: The results of the analyses demonstrated a powerful effect of low education on amenable mortality attributable to diabetes among the Hispanic population in the USA. As an increasing prevalence of diabetes among the least educated Hispanics has been reported, there is a great need to identify and implement effective preventive services, self-management, and quality care practices, that may assist in reducing the growing disparity among those most vulnerable, such as minority populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:57:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23a0dfd4a86846e688cbc04b5ae987da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:57:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-23a0dfd4a86846e688cbc04b5ae987da2023-11-22T16:20:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-09-011019449810.3390/jcm10194498Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018)Alberto Barcelo0Alfredo Valdivia1Angelo Sabag2Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez3Arise Garcia de Siqueira Galil4Fernando A.B. Colugnati5María Pastor-Valero6Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USAMiller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USANICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaFaculty of Health Sciences, International University of Valencia, 46003 Valencia, SpainDepartamento de Internato, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, BrazilDepartment of Post-Graduation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-330, BrazilDepartamento de Salud Pública, História de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, SpainBackground: Diabetes accounted for approximately 10% of all-cause mortality among those 20–79 years of age worldwide in 2019. In 1986–1989, Hispanics in the United States of America (USA) represented 6.9% of the national population with diabetes, and this proportion increased to 15.1% in 2010–2014. Recently published findings demonstrated the impact of attained education on amenable mortality attributable to diabetes among Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (HNBs). Previous cohort studies have shown that low education is also a detrimental factor for diabetes mortality among the Hispanic population in the USA. However, the long-term impact of low education on diabetes mortality among Hispanics in the USA is yet to be determined. Aims and methods: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of achieving a 12th-grade education on amenable mortality due to diabetes among Hispanics in the USA from 1989 to 2018. We used a time-series designed to analyze death certificate data of Hispanic-classified men and women, aged 25 to 74 years, whose underlying cause of death was diabetes, between 1989 and 2018. Death certificate data from the USA National Center for Health Statistics was downloaded, as well as USA population estimates by age, sex, and ethnicity from the USA Census Bureau. The analyses were undertaken using JointPoint software and the Age–Period–Cohort Web Tool, both developed by the USA National Cancer Institute. Results: The analyses showed that between 1989 to 2018, age- and sex-standardized diabetes mortality rates among the least educated individuals were higher than those among the most educated individuals (both sexes together, <i>p</i> = 0.036; males, <i>p</i> = 0.053; females, <i>p</i> = 0.036). The difference between the least and most educated individuals became more pronounced in recent years, as shown by independent confidence intervals across the study period. Sex-based analyses revealed that the age-adjUSAted diabetes mortality rate had increased to a greater extent among the least educated males and females, respectively, than among the most educated. Conclusions: The results of the analyses demonstrated a powerful effect of low education on amenable mortality attributable to diabetes among the Hispanic population in the USA. As an increasing prevalence of diabetes among the least educated Hispanics has been reported, there is a great need to identify and implement effective preventive services, self-management, and quality care practices, that may assist in reducing the growing disparity among those most vulnerable, such as minority populations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/19/4498USA Hispanicsdiabetes mortalityeducationinequalities |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Barcelo Alfredo Valdivia Angelo Sabag Juan Pablo Rey-Lopez Arise Garcia de Siqueira Galil Fernando A.B. Colugnati María Pastor-Valero Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) Journal of Clinical Medicine USA Hispanics diabetes mortality education inequalities |
| title | Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) |
| title_full | Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) |
| title_fullStr | Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) |
| title_short | Educational Differences in Diabetes Mortality among Hispanics in the United States: An Epidemiological Analysis of Vital Statistics Data (1989–2018) |
| title_sort | educational differences in diabetes mortality among hispanics in the united states an epidemiological analysis of vital statistics data 1989 2018 |
| topic | USA Hispanics diabetes mortality education inequalities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/19/4498 |
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