Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures
Mammalian bone has shown a variety of responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in experimental and wildlife studies. Although many responses have been well characterized in the postcranial skeleton, dioxin-induced effects on the cranium are largely unknown. In this study, we...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Toxicology Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750014001619 |
| _version_ | 1818999001808109568 |
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| author | Sabrina B. Sholts Javier Esteban Maria Herlin Matti Viluksela Helen Håkansson |
| author_facet | Sabrina B. Sholts Javier Esteban Maria Herlin Matti Viluksela Helen Håkansson |
| author_sort | Sabrina B. Sholts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mammalian bone has shown a variety of responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in experimental and wildlife studies. Although many responses have been well characterized in the postcranial skeleton, dioxin-induced effects on the cranium are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic adult exposure to TCDD on cranial size and shape in dioxin-resistant Han/Wistar (H/W) and dioxin-sensitive Long–Evans (L–E) rat strains. Three-dimensional landmark configurations for the face, vault, and base of the cranium were recorded and analyzed using geometric morphometrics (GM) and dose–response modeling. The strongest effects were shown by L–E and H/W rats with daily exposures of 100 and 1000 ng TCDD/kg bw/day, respectively, resulting in significant reductions in centroid size (CS) in all three cranial modules for both strains except for the vault in H/W rats. Consistent with previous evidence of intraspecific variation in TCDD resistance, the benchmark doses (CEDs) for cranial size reduction in L–E rats were roughly 10-fold lower than those for H/W rats. For both strains, the face showed the greatest size reduction from the highest doses of TCDD (i.e., 3.6 and 6.3% decreases in H/W and L–E rats, respectively), most likely related to dose-dependent reductions in limb bone size and body weight gain. However, intrinsic morphological differences between strains were also observed: although the control groups of H/W and L–E rats had vaults and bases of comparable size, the face was 6.4% larger in L–E rats. Thus, although H/W rats possess an altered aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that appears to mediate and provides some resistance to TCDD exposure, their smaller reductions in facial size may also relate to strain-specific patterns of cranial development and growth. Future research will be aimed at understanding how ontogenetic factors may modulate toxic effects of prenatal and lactational exposure on the mammalian skeleton. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23a4bcbb8d2c4982b6e80ac9895f21e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-7500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:10:29Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-23a4bcbb8d2c4982b6e80ac9895f21e92022-12-21T19:25:10ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002015-01-012C47248110.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.007Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structuresSabrina B. Sholts0Javier Esteban1Maria Herlin2Matti Viluksela3Helen Håkansson4Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560, USAInstituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche (Alicante), SpainClinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 22, SE-22100 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, SwedenMammalian bone has shown a variety of responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in experimental and wildlife studies. Although many responses have been well characterized in the postcranial skeleton, dioxin-induced effects on the cranium are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic adult exposure to TCDD on cranial size and shape in dioxin-resistant Han/Wistar (H/W) and dioxin-sensitive Long–Evans (L–E) rat strains. Three-dimensional landmark configurations for the face, vault, and base of the cranium were recorded and analyzed using geometric morphometrics (GM) and dose–response modeling. The strongest effects were shown by L–E and H/W rats with daily exposures of 100 and 1000 ng TCDD/kg bw/day, respectively, resulting in significant reductions in centroid size (CS) in all three cranial modules for both strains except for the vault in H/W rats. Consistent with previous evidence of intraspecific variation in TCDD resistance, the benchmark doses (CEDs) for cranial size reduction in L–E rats were roughly 10-fold lower than those for H/W rats. For both strains, the face showed the greatest size reduction from the highest doses of TCDD (i.e., 3.6 and 6.3% decreases in H/W and L–E rats, respectively), most likely related to dose-dependent reductions in limb bone size and body weight gain. However, intrinsic morphological differences between strains were also observed: although the control groups of H/W and L–E rats had vaults and bases of comparable size, the face was 6.4% larger in L–E rats. Thus, although H/W rats possess an altered aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that appears to mediate and provides some resistance to TCDD exposure, their smaller reductions in facial size may also relate to strain-specific patterns of cranial development and growth. Future research will be aimed at understanding how ontogenetic factors may modulate toxic effects of prenatal and lactational exposure on the mammalian skeleton.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22147500140016192,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinBoneToxicologyCranial morphology: Geometric morphometricsAryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina B. Sholts Javier Esteban Maria Herlin Matti Viluksela Helen Håkansson Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures Toxicology Reports 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Bone Toxicology Cranial morphology: Geometric morphometrics Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| title | Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures |
| title_full | Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures |
| title_fullStr | Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures |
| title_short | Craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Han/Wistar and Long–Evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) structures |
| title_sort | craniofacial form is altered by chronic adult exposure to 2 3 7 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin tcdd in han wistar and long evans rats with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor ahr structures |
| topic | 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Bone Toxicology Cranial morphology: Geometric morphometrics Aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750014001619 |
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