Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden
Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been sur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/8424.pdf |
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| author | Edvin Karlsson Anna-Mia Johansson Jon Ahlinder Moa J. Lundkvist Navinder J. Singh Tomas Brodin Mats Forsman Per Stenberg |
| author_facet | Edvin Karlsson Anna-Mia Johansson Jon Ahlinder Moa J. Lundkvist Navinder J. Singh Tomas Brodin Mats Forsman Per Stenberg |
| author_sort | Edvin Karlsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our results further indicate that local landscape, as well as seasonal variation, shapes microbial communities in air. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:33:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23a5c0d140d4417eae8f6ba6669aac1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:33:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-23a5c0d140d4417eae8f6ba6669aac1b2023-12-03T11:00:24ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-01-018e842410.7717/peerj.8424Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern SwedenEdvin Karlsson0Anna-Mia Johansson1Jon Ahlinder2Moa J. Lundkvist3Navinder J. Singh4Tomas Brodin5Mats Forsman6Per Stenberg7Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, SwedenMicroorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our results further indicate that local landscape, as well as seasonal variation, shapes microbial communities in air.https://peerj.com/articles/8424.pdfAirborne biodiversity Microbial seasonality High-throughput sequencing Metabarcoding eDNA |
| spellingShingle | Edvin Karlsson Anna-Mia Johansson Jon Ahlinder Moa J. Lundkvist Navinder J. Singh Tomas Brodin Mats Forsman Per Stenberg Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden PeerJ Airborne biodiversity Microbial seasonality High-throughput sequencing Metabarcoding eDNA |
| title | Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
| title_full | Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
| title_fullStr | Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
| title_short | Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden |
| title_sort | airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in northern and southern sweden |
| topic | Airborne biodiversity Microbial seasonality High-throughput sequencing Metabarcoding eDNA |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/8424.pdf |
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