The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency
In forced conditions, where the heart rate and step frequency have been matched, cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) has been recognized. However, knowledge about the occurrence of CLS and its triggers in sports gesture in real contexts is little known. To address this gap, the current study teste...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.583030/full |
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| author | Alberito R. de Carvalho Alberito R. de Carvalho Renan dos S. Coimbra Eric M. Thomas Martín C. Rodríguez Paz Barbara Pellegrini Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga |
| author_facet | Alberito R. de Carvalho Alberito R. de Carvalho Renan dos S. Coimbra Eric M. Thomas Martín C. Rodríguez Paz Barbara Pellegrini Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga |
| author_sort | Alberito R. de Carvalho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In forced conditions, where the heart rate and step frequency have been matched, cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) has been recognized. However, knowledge about the occurrence of CLS and its triggers in sports gesture in real contexts is little known. To address this gap, the current study tested the hypothesis that CLS in running spontaneous conditions would emerge at entrainment bands of muscle activation frequencies associated with a freely chosen step frequency. Sixteen male long-distance runners undertook treadmill assessments running ten three-minute bouts at different speeds (7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 km⋅h–1). Electrocardiography and surface electromyography were recorded simultaneously. The center frequency was the mean of the frequency spectrum obtained by wavelet decomposition, while CLS magnitude was determined by the wavelet coherence coefficient (WCC) between the electrocardiography and center frequency signals. The strength of CLS affected the entrainment frequencies between cardiac and muscle systems, and for WCC values greater than 0.8, the point from which we consider the emerging CLS, the entrainment frequency was between 2.7 and 2.8 Hz. The CLS emerged at faster speeds (13–15 km⋅h–1) most prevalently but did not affect the muscle activation bands. Spontaneous CLS occurred at faster speeds predominantly, and the entrainment frequencies matched the locomotor task, with the entrainment bands of frequencies emerging around the step frequencies (2.7–2.8 Hz). These findings are compatible with the concept that interventions that determine optima conditions of CLS may potentiate the benefits of the cardiac and muscle systems synchronized in distance runners. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T12:14:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23a8a0ed3c0c4345b6622e865b811e72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T12:14:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-23a8a0ed3c0c4345b6622e865b811e722022-12-21T20:22:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-02-011110.3389/fphys.2020.583030583030The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step FrequencyAlberito R. de Carvalho0Alberito R. de Carvalho1Renan dos S. Coimbra2Eric M. Thomas3Martín C. Rodríguez Paz4Barbara Pellegrini5Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga6Exercise Research Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, BrazilIntegrative Biodynamics Evaluation Laboratory, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, BrazilExercise Research Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, BrazilExercise Research Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, BrazilInstituto Politécnico San Arnoldo Janssen, Posadas, ArgentinaDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Verona, Rovereto, ItalyExercise Research Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, BrazilIn forced conditions, where the heart rate and step frequency have been matched, cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) has been recognized. However, knowledge about the occurrence of CLS and its triggers in sports gesture in real contexts is little known. To address this gap, the current study tested the hypothesis that CLS in running spontaneous conditions would emerge at entrainment bands of muscle activation frequencies associated with a freely chosen step frequency. Sixteen male long-distance runners undertook treadmill assessments running ten three-minute bouts at different speeds (7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 km⋅h–1). Electrocardiography and surface electromyography were recorded simultaneously. The center frequency was the mean of the frequency spectrum obtained by wavelet decomposition, while CLS magnitude was determined by the wavelet coherence coefficient (WCC) between the electrocardiography and center frequency signals. The strength of CLS affected the entrainment frequencies between cardiac and muscle systems, and for WCC values greater than 0.8, the point from which we consider the emerging CLS, the entrainment frequency was between 2.7 and 2.8 Hz. The CLS emerged at faster speeds (13–15 km⋅h–1) most prevalently but did not affect the muscle activation bands. Spontaneous CLS occurred at faster speeds predominantly, and the entrainment frequencies matched the locomotor task, with the entrainment bands of frequencies emerging around the step frequencies (2.7–2.8 Hz). These findings are compatible with the concept that interventions that determine optima conditions of CLS may potentiate the benefits of the cardiac and muscle systems synchronized in distance runners.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.583030/fullapplied kinesiologybiomechanical phenomenaelectromyographylocomotionphysiological phenomenasports |
| spellingShingle | Alberito R. de Carvalho Alberito R. de Carvalho Renan dos S. Coimbra Eric M. Thomas Martín C. Rodríguez Paz Barbara Pellegrini Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency Frontiers in Physiology applied kinesiology biomechanical phenomena electromyography locomotion physiological phenomena sports |
| title | The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency |
| title_full | The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency |
| title_fullStr | The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency |
| title_short | The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency |
| title_sort | entrainment frequency of cardiolocomotor synchronization in long distance race emerges spontaneously at the step frequency |
| topic | applied kinesiology biomechanical phenomena electromyography locomotion physiological phenomena sports |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.583030/full |
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