Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation
Wind profiling within operating wind farms is important for both wind resource assessment and wind power prediction. With increasing wind turbine size, it is getting difficult to obtain wind profiles covering the turbine-affecting area due to the limited height of wind towers. In this study, a stepw...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/989 |
| _version_ | 1797239428553375744 |
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| author | Teng Ma Ye Yu Longxiang Dong Guo Zhao Tong Zhang Xuewei Wang Suping Zhao |
| author_facet | Teng Ma Ye Yu Longxiang Dong Guo Zhao Tong Zhang Xuewei Wang Suping Zhao |
| author_sort | Teng Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wind profiling within operating wind farms is important for both wind resource assessment and wind power prediction. With increasing wind turbine size, it is getting difficult to obtain wind profiles covering the turbine-affecting area due to the limited height of wind towers. In this study, a stepwise quality control and optimizing process for deriving high-quality near-surface wind profiles within wind farms is proposed. The method is based on the radial wind speed obtained by the Doppler Wind Lidar velocity-azimuth display (VAD) technique. The method is used to obtain the whole wind profile from ground level to the height affected by wind turbines within a utility-scale onshore wind farm, in northern China. Compared with the traditional carrier-to-noise ratio (<i>CNR</i>) filter-based quality control method, the proposed data processing method can significantly improve the accuracy of the derived wind. For a 10 m wind speed, an increase in coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) from 0.826 to 0.932, and a decrease in mean absolute error (MAE) from 1.231% to 0.927% are obtained; while for 70 m wind speed, R<sup>2</sup> increased from 0.926 to 0.958, and MAE decreased from 1.023% to 0.771%. For wind direction, R<sup>2</sup> increased from 0.978 to 0.992 at 10 m, and increased from 0.983 to 0.995 at 70 m. The optimized method also presents advantages in improving the accuracy of derived wind under complex wind environments, e.g., inside a wind farm, and increasing the data availability during clear nights. The proposed method could be used to derive wind profiles from below the minimum range of a vertically operating scanning Doppler Lidar to a height affected by wind turbines. Combined with Doppler beam-swinging (DBS) scanning data, the method could be used to obtain the complete wind profile in the boundary layer. These wind profiles could be further used to predict wind power and evaluate the climate and environmental effects of wind farms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:51:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23ac1800de8c4b03b238412ef19104d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:51:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-23ac1800de8c4b03b238412ef19104d92024-03-27T14:02:33ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-03-0116698910.3390/rs16060989Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and ValidationTeng Ma0Ye Yu1Longxiang Dong2Guo Zhao3Tong Zhang4Xuewei Wang5Suping Zhao6Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaWind profiling within operating wind farms is important for both wind resource assessment and wind power prediction. With increasing wind turbine size, it is getting difficult to obtain wind profiles covering the turbine-affecting area due to the limited height of wind towers. In this study, a stepwise quality control and optimizing process for deriving high-quality near-surface wind profiles within wind farms is proposed. The method is based on the radial wind speed obtained by the Doppler Wind Lidar velocity-azimuth display (VAD) technique. The method is used to obtain the whole wind profile from ground level to the height affected by wind turbines within a utility-scale onshore wind farm, in northern China. Compared with the traditional carrier-to-noise ratio (<i>CNR</i>) filter-based quality control method, the proposed data processing method can significantly improve the accuracy of the derived wind. For a 10 m wind speed, an increase in coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) from 0.826 to 0.932, and a decrease in mean absolute error (MAE) from 1.231% to 0.927% are obtained; while for 70 m wind speed, R<sup>2</sup> increased from 0.926 to 0.958, and MAE decreased from 1.023% to 0.771%. For wind direction, R<sup>2</sup> increased from 0.978 to 0.992 at 10 m, and increased from 0.983 to 0.995 at 70 m. The optimized method also presents advantages in improving the accuracy of derived wind under complex wind environments, e.g., inside a wind farm, and increasing the data availability during clear nights. The proposed method could be used to derive wind profiles from below the minimum range of a vertically operating scanning Doppler Lidar to a height affected by wind turbines. Combined with Doppler beam-swinging (DBS) scanning data, the method could be used to obtain the complete wind profile in the boundary layer. These wind profiles could be further used to predict wind power and evaluate the climate and environmental effects of wind farms.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/989Doppler Lidaronshore wind farmvelocity-azimuth displayquality controlwind profilecomplex wind field |
| spellingShingle | Teng Ma Ye Yu Longxiang Dong Guo Zhao Tong Zhang Xuewei Wang Suping Zhao Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation Remote Sensing Doppler Lidar onshore wind farm velocity-azimuth display quality control wind profile complex wind field |
| title | Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation |
| title_full | Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation |
| title_fullStr | Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation |
| title_short | Near-Surface Wind Profiling in a Utility-Scale Onshore Wind Farm Using Scanning Doppler Lidar: Quality Control and Validation |
| title_sort | near surface wind profiling in a utility scale onshore wind farm using scanning doppler lidar quality control and validation |
| topic | Doppler Lidar onshore wind farm velocity-azimuth display quality control wind profile complex wind field |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/989 |
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