Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment
Immunotherapy has provided a new avenue to treat metastatic cancers, which result in ∼90% of cancer related deaths. However, current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), have met with limited success, primarily due to tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit antitumor...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Nanophotonics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0171 |
| _version_ | 1798013988101947392 |
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| author | Hoover Ashley R. Liu Kaili Valerio Trisha I. Li Min Mukherjee Priyabrata Chen Wei R. |
| author_facet | Hoover Ashley R. Liu Kaili Valerio Trisha I. Li Min Mukherjee Priyabrata Chen Wei R. |
| author_sort | Hoover Ashley R. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunotherapy has provided a new avenue to treat metastatic cancers, which result in ∼90% of cancer related deaths. However, current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), have met with limited success, primarily due to tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit antitumor immune responses. To overcome the immune suppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance the tumoricidal activity of ICT, phototherapy, particularly photothermal therapy (PTT), combined with nanomedicine has become a viable option. PTT disrupts target tumor homeostasis, releasing tumor associated antigens (TAAs), tumor specific antigens (TSAs), danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and scarce nutrients required to “feed” activated antitumor immune cells. While nanoparticles localize and specify the phototherapeutic effect, they can also be loaded with immune stimulants, TME modulators, and/or chemotherapeutic agents to greatly enhance immune stimulation and tumor killing. Combining these three technologies, which we term nano-ablative immunotherapy (NAIT), with ICT can greatly enhance their therapeutic effects. In this review, we will discuss the successes and limitations of NAIT + ICT. Specifically, we will discuss how the TME limits tumoricidal activity and what should be considered to overcome these limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:11:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23accd3bf50e48569fb316647e85e0be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2192-8614 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:11:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanophotonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-23accd3bf50e48569fb316647e85e0be2022-12-22T04:16:39ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142021-08-0110123247326610.1515/nanoph-2021-0171Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatmentHoover Ashley R.0Liu Kaili1Valerio Trisha I.2Li Min3Mukherjee Priyabrata4Chen Wei R.5Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USAStephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USAStephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USAStephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USAImmunotherapy has provided a new avenue to treat metastatic cancers, which result in ∼90% of cancer related deaths. However, current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), have met with limited success, primarily due to tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit antitumor immune responses. To overcome the immune suppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance the tumoricidal activity of ICT, phototherapy, particularly photothermal therapy (PTT), combined with nanomedicine has become a viable option. PTT disrupts target tumor homeostasis, releasing tumor associated antigens (TAAs), tumor specific antigens (TSAs), danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and scarce nutrients required to “feed” activated antitumor immune cells. While nanoparticles localize and specify the phototherapeutic effect, they can also be loaded with immune stimulants, TME modulators, and/or chemotherapeutic agents to greatly enhance immune stimulation and tumor killing. Combining these three technologies, which we term nano-ablative immunotherapy (NAIT), with ICT can greatly enhance their therapeutic effects. In this review, we will discuss the successes and limitations of NAIT + ICT. Specifically, we will discuss how the TME limits tumoricidal activity and what should be considered to overcome these limitations.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0171photonics; nanomedicine; cancer immunotherpayimmune checkpoint therapynano-ablative immunotherapytumor microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Hoover Ashley R. Liu Kaili Valerio Trisha I. Li Min Mukherjee Priyabrata Chen Wei R. Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment Nanophotonics photonics; nanomedicine; cancer immunotherpay immune checkpoint therapy nano-ablative immunotherapy tumor microenvironment |
| title | Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| title_full | Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| title_fullStr | Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| title_short | Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| title_sort | nano ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment |
| topic | photonics; nanomedicine; cancer immunotherpay immune checkpoint therapy nano-ablative immunotherapy tumor microenvironment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0171 |
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