Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health
Since ancient times, communities have widely used herbal medicines and their teas for therapeutic properties. In the present study, the concentration, transfer rate, and potential health risks of metal(loid)s (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 30 traditional herbal medicines (ten sp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000423 |
| _version_ | 1797753873854627840 |
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| author | Razegheh Akhbarizadeh Sina Dobaradaran Jörg Spitz Azam Mohammadi Agnes Tekle-Röttering Gabriel E. De-la-Torre Mozhgan Keshtkar |
| author_facet | Razegheh Akhbarizadeh Sina Dobaradaran Jörg Spitz Azam Mohammadi Agnes Tekle-Röttering Gabriel E. De-la-Torre Mozhgan Keshtkar |
| author_sort | Razegheh Akhbarizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since ancient times, communities have widely used herbal medicines and their teas for therapeutic properties. In the present study, the concentration, transfer rate, and potential health risks of metal(loid)s (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 30 traditional herbal medicines (ten species from various countries) collected from Persian markets were investigated. The results indicated the wide variations of detected metals in the medicinal herbs. Mn and Sr had the highest concentrations in the herbal medicine and their infusions. Also, Cd levels of five dried plants exceeded the recommended values. Base on the findings of discriminant analysis, the dried Cheeseweed, Hollyhocks, Thymus, Pennyroyal, and Bugloss had the lowest metal levels. Furthermore, Cd in Senna and Marjoram infusions was displayed a carcinogenic risk for children. Considering that some of the studied plants were imported, a high level of Cd in medicinal plants and their products could pose a serious risk to human health worldwide. On the other hand, due to the poor extractability of analyzed metals (transfer rate < 30%), their levels in herbal infusions and their hazard indices were lower than international guidelines for adults. Hence, although preparing water-based extract may be an effective way to reduce the intake of toxic metals from herbal medicines, the presence of toxic metals in infusions may pose a risk to vulnerable groups, such as children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:24:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23be8396bad14579bcb32364ab7efe45 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2773-0492 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:24:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-23be8396bad14579bcb32364ab7efe452023-08-05T05:18:24ZengElsevierHygiene and Environmental Health Advances2773-04922023-03-015100042Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human healthRazegheh Akhbarizadeh0Sina Dobaradaran1Jörg Spitz2Azam Mohammadi3Agnes Tekle-Röttering4Gabriel E. De-la-Torre5Mozhgan Keshtkar6Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranSystems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Corresponding author.Akademie für Menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388 Schlangenbad, GermanyDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranWestfälische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen, Neidenburger Strasse 43, Gelsenkirchen 45877, GermanyUniversidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 501, Lima 12, Lima, PeruSystems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranSince ancient times, communities have widely used herbal medicines and their teas for therapeutic properties. In the present study, the concentration, transfer rate, and potential health risks of metal(loid)s (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in 30 traditional herbal medicines (ten species from various countries) collected from Persian markets were investigated. The results indicated the wide variations of detected metals in the medicinal herbs. Mn and Sr had the highest concentrations in the herbal medicine and their infusions. Also, Cd levels of five dried plants exceeded the recommended values. Base on the findings of discriminant analysis, the dried Cheeseweed, Hollyhocks, Thymus, Pennyroyal, and Bugloss had the lowest metal levels. Furthermore, Cd in Senna and Marjoram infusions was displayed a carcinogenic risk for children. Considering that some of the studied plants were imported, a high level of Cd in medicinal plants and their products could pose a serious risk to human health worldwide. On the other hand, due to the poor extractability of analyzed metals (transfer rate < 30%), their levels in herbal infusions and their hazard indices were lower than international guidelines for adults. Hence, although preparing water-based extract may be an effective way to reduce the intake of toxic metals from herbal medicines, the presence of toxic metals in infusions may pose a risk to vulnerable groups, such as children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000423Medicinal plantHerbal teasHeavy metalsExtraction efficienciesTherapeutic properties |
| spellingShingle | Razegheh Akhbarizadeh Sina Dobaradaran Jörg Spitz Azam Mohammadi Agnes Tekle-Röttering Gabriel E. De-la-Torre Mozhgan Keshtkar Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances Medicinal plant Herbal teas Heavy metals Extraction efficiencies Therapeutic properties |
| title | Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health |
| title_full | Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health |
| title_fullStr | Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health |
| title_short | Metal(loid)s in herbal medicines and their infusions: Levels, transfer rate, and potential risks to human health |
| title_sort | metal loid s in herbal medicines and their infusions levels transfer rate and potential risks to human health |
| topic | Medicinal plant Herbal teas Heavy metals Extraction efficiencies Therapeutic properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773049222000423 |
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