Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes
Epigenetic changes constitute one of the processes that is involved in the mechanisms of carcinogenicity. They include dysregulation of DNA methylation processes, disruption of post-translational patterns of histone modifications, and changes in the composition and/or organization of chromatin. Benz...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13453 |
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| author | Bożena Bukowska Paulina Sicińska |
| author_facet | Bożena Bukowska Paulina Sicińska |
| author_sort | Bożena Bukowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epigenetic changes constitute one of the processes that is involved in the mechanisms of carcinogenicity. They include dysregulation of DNA methylation processes, disruption of post-translational patterns of histone modifications, and changes in the composition and/or organization of chromatin. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) influences DNA methylation and, depending on its concentrations, as well as the type of cell, tissue and organism it causes hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Moreover, the exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including BaP in tobacco smoke results in an altered methylation status of the offsprings. Researches have indicated a potential relationship between toxicity of BaP and deregulation of the biotin homeostasis pathway that plays an important role in the process of carcinogenesis. Animal studies have shown that parental-induced BaP toxicity can be passed on to the F1 generation as studied on marine medaka (<i>Oryzias melastigma</i>), and the underlying mechanism is likely related to a disturbance in the circadian rhythm. In addition, ancestral exposure of fish to BaP may cause intergenerational osteotoxicity in non-exposed F3 offsprings. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer have indicated that exposure to BaP is associated with changes in methylation levels at 15 CpG; therefore, changes in DNA methylation may be considered as potential mediators of BaP-induced lung cancer. The mechanism of epigenetic changes induced by BaP are mainly due to the formation of CpG-BPDE adducts, between metabolite of BaP—BPDE and CpG, which leads to changes in the level of 5-methylcytosine. BaP also acts through inhibition of DNA methyltransferases activity, as well as by increasing histone deacetylases HDACs, i.e., HDAC2 and HDAC3 activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanism of the epigenetic action of BaP on the basis of the latest publications. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:21Z |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-23c30a35594142fbb89f1d57c46a77a12023-11-23T08:46:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241345310.3390/ijms222413453Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic ProcessesBożena Bukowska0Paulina Sicińska1Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, PolandEpigenetic changes constitute one of the processes that is involved in the mechanisms of carcinogenicity. They include dysregulation of DNA methylation processes, disruption of post-translational patterns of histone modifications, and changes in the composition and/or organization of chromatin. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) influences DNA methylation and, depending on its concentrations, as well as the type of cell, tissue and organism it causes hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Moreover, the exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including BaP in tobacco smoke results in an altered methylation status of the offsprings. Researches have indicated a potential relationship between toxicity of BaP and deregulation of the biotin homeostasis pathway that plays an important role in the process of carcinogenesis. Animal studies have shown that parental-induced BaP toxicity can be passed on to the F1 generation as studied on marine medaka (<i>Oryzias melastigma</i>), and the underlying mechanism is likely related to a disturbance in the circadian rhythm. In addition, ancestral exposure of fish to BaP may cause intergenerational osteotoxicity in non-exposed F3 offsprings. Epidemiological studies of lung cancer have indicated that exposure to BaP is associated with changes in methylation levels at 15 CpG; therefore, changes in DNA methylation may be considered as potential mediators of BaP-induced lung cancer. The mechanism of epigenetic changes induced by BaP are mainly due to the formation of CpG-BPDE adducts, between metabolite of BaP—BPDE and CpG, which leads to changes in the level of 5-methylcytosine. BaP also acts through inhibition of DNA methyltransferases activity, as well as by increasing histone deacetylases HDACs, i.e., HDAC2 and HDAC3 activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanism of the epigenetic action of BaP on the basis of the latest publications.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13453benzo(a)pyrenemethylation levellung cancersmokecarcinogenicityhistone modifications |
| spellingShingle | Bożena Bukowska Paulina Sicińska Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes International Journal of Molecular Sciences benzo(a)pyrene methylation level lung cancer smoke carcinogenicity histone modifications |
| title | Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes |
| title_full | Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes |
| title_short | Influence of Benzo(a)pyrene on Different Epigenetic Processes |
| title_sort | influence of benzo a pyrene on different epigenetic processes |
| topic | benzo(a)pyrene methylation level lung cancer smoke carcinogenicity histone modifications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13453 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bozenabukowska influenceofbenzoapyreneondifferentepigeneticprocesses AT paulinasicinska influenceofbenzoapyreneondifferentepigeneticprocesses |