High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body
Ganoderma lingzhi is a famous medicinal mushroom used as Chinese medicine or functional food and has been accepted across the globe. It is important to enhance the contents of bioactive compounds, which in turn improves the quality and biological activity of G. lingzhi fruiting body. In this work, f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02363/full |
| _version_ | 1818986940409577472 |
|---|---|
| author | Qingying Dong Yueyue Li Gaoqiang Liu Zhiwei Zhang Huabin Zhou Hailong Yang |
| author_facet | Qingying Dong Yueyue Li Gaoqiang Liu Zhiwei Zhang Huabin Zhou Hailong Yang |
| author_sort | Qingying Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ganoderma lingzhi is a famous medicinal mushroom used as Chinese medicine or functional food and has been accepted across the globe. It is important to enhance the contents of bioactive compounds, which in turn improves the quality and biological activity of G. lingzhi fruiting body. In this work, freshly harvested G. lingzhi fruiting bodies were treated continuously with air or with 60 and 80% oxygen for 6 days. Samples were collected and determined initially and at 1 day interval during treatment. A high total ganoderic acid content of 29.44 g kg–1 was obtained in samples treated with 60% oxygen at day 3. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the expression levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, squalene synthase, and oxidosqualene cyclase genes were substantially increased, resulting in the increase of ganoderic acids A, B, and C2 and ganoderenic acid B. The scavenging activities with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical and the DNA damage protective activity were also enhanced by high oxygen treatment. The results of this work provided a potential method to enhance the active metabolite synthesis in the fruiting body of G. lingzhi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:58:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23c52e0aef314b9fbd530cf744aeb2a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:58:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-23c52e0aef314b9fbd530cf744aeb2a22022-12-21T19:29:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-10-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02363484777High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting BodyQingying Dong0Yueyue Li1Gaoqiang Liu2Zhiwei Zhang3Huabin Zhou4Hailong Yang5School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Product Further Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaGanoderma lingzhi is a famous medicinal mushroom used as Chinese medicine or functional food and has been accepted across the globe. It is important to enhance the contents of bioactive compounds, which in turn improves the quality and biological activity of G. lingzhi fruiting body. In this work, freshly harvested G. lingzhi fruiting bodies were treated continuously with air or with 60 and 80% oxygen for 6 days. Samples were collected and determined initially and at 1 day interval during treatment. A high total ganoderic acid content of 29.44 g kg–1 was obtained in samples treated with 60% oxygen at day 3. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the expression levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, squalene synthase, and oxidosqualene cyclase genes were substantially increased, resulting in the increase of ganoderic acids A, B, and C2 and ganoderenic acid B. The scavenging activities with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical and the DNA damage protective activity were also enhanced by high oxygen treatment. The results of this work provided a potential method to enhance the active metabolite synthesis in the fruiting body of G. lingzhi.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02363/fullGanoderma lingzhihigh oxygenganoderic acidfree radical scavengingDNA damage protection |
| spellingShingle | Qingying Dong Yueyue Li Gaoqiang Liu Zhiwei Zhang Huabin Zhou Hailong Yang High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body Frontiers in Microbiology Ganoderma lingzhi high oxygen ganoderic acid free radical scavenging DNA damage protection |
| title | High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body |
| title_full | High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body |
| title_fullStr | High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body |
| title_short | High Oxygen Treatments Enhance the Contents of Phenolic Compound and Ganoderic Acid, and the Antioxidant and DNA Damage Protective Activities of Ganoderma lingzhi Fruiting Body |
| title_sort | high oxygen treatments enhance the contents of phenolic compound and ganoderic acid and the antioxidant and dna damage protective activities of ganoderma lingzhi fruiting body |
| topic | Ganoderma lingzhi high oxygen ganoderic acid free radical scavenging DNA damage protection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02363/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qingyingdong highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody AT yueyueli highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody AT gaoqiangliu highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody AT zhiweizhang highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody AT huabinzhou highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody AT hailongyang highoxygentreatmentsenhancethecontentsofphenoliccompoundandganodericacidandtheantioxidantanddnadamageprotectiveactivitiesofganodermalingzhifruitingbody |