Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology
Cellular vehicle-to-everything(C-V2X) technology can protect vulnerable road users(VRUs) in traffic accidents. Smartphones are the most common portable devices for VRUs, but they do not support direct communication between vehicles and pedestrians. To address this problem, we propose a vehicle-to-pe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10175872/ |
| _version_ | 1827900955808497664 |
|---|---|
| author | Changlong Zhang Jimin Wei Shibo Qu Changying Huang Jingang Dai Peipei Fu Zhixiong Wang Xinquan Li |
| author_facet | Changlong Zhang Jimin Wei Shibo Qu Changying Huang Jingang Dai Peipei Fu Zhixiong Wang Xinquan Li |
| author_sort | Changlong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellular vehicle-to-everything(C-V2X) technology can protect vulnerable road users(VRUs) in traffic accidents. Smartphones are the most common portable devices for VRUs, but they do not support direct communication between vehicles and pedestrians. To address this problem, we propose a vehicle-to-pedestrian collision warning system that includes a phone case designed for the smartphone. It allows VRUs to communicate directly with connected vehicles(CVs) through C-V2X. A collision warning method based on s-t-coordinates is proposed to help VRUs to avoid collision with CVs on both straight and curved roads. Firstly, the World Geodetic System-1984(WGS-84) coordinates of the VRU and CV are transformed to Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) coordinates. Then the s-t-coordinates of the VRU and CV are calculated. The lateral and longitudinal distance between them is determined. Finally, the time-to-collision(TTC) is used to determine the time to alert the VRU and the driver. To verify the effectiveness of this system, we conduct experiments on communication, positioning, and scenario. The communication experiments show that the system can communicate effectively with low latency and its reliable communication range is more than 200 meters in different scenarios. The positioning experiments show that the average positioning accuracy of the phone case is 0.83 meters in the open-sky scenario, which satisfies the lane-level positioning requirement for VRU applications. The scenario experiments indicate that our method can alert the driver and VRU on both straight and curved roads. The comparative experiments illustrate that our method outperforms the conventional method(CM) and the existing pedestrian alert system(PAS). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:39:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23d6333349754599925ec554eaa1cb73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:39:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-23d6333349754599925ec554eaa1cb732023-07-14T23:00:35ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111699036991510.1109/ACCESS.2023.329312210175872Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X TechnologyChanglong Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-4290Jimin Wei1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-2268Shibo Qu2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-5371Changying Huang3Jingang Dai4Peipei Fu5Zhixiong Wang6Xinquan Li7V2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaV2X and Cooperative ITS Department, Changsha Intelligent Driving Institute Company Ltd., Changsha, ChinaCellular vehicle-to-everything(C-V2X) technology can protect vulnerable road users(VRUs) in traffic accidents. Smartphones are the most common portable devices for VRUs, but they do not support direct communication between vehicles and pedestrians. To address this problem, we propose a vehicle-to-pedestrian collision warning system that includes a phone case designed for the smartphone. It allows VRUs to communicate directly with connected vehicles(CVs) through C-V2X. A collision warning method based on s-t-coordinates is proposed to help VRUs to avoid collision with CVs on both straight and curved roads. Firstly, the World Geodetic System-1984(WGS-84) coordinates of the VRU and CV are transformed to Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) coordinates. Then the s-t-coordinates of the VRU and CV are calculated. The lateral and longitudinal distance between them is determined. Finally, the time-to-collision(TTC) is used to determine the time to alert the VRU and the driver. To verify the effectiveness of this system, we conduct experiments on communication, positioning, and scenario. The communication experiments show that the system can communicate effectively with low latency and its reliable communication range is more than 200 meters in different scenarios. The positioning experiments show that the average positioning accuracy of the phone case is 0.83 meters in the open-sky scenario, which satisfies the lane-level positioning requirement for VRU applications. The scenario experiments indicate that our method can alert the driver and VRU on both straight and curved roads. The comparative experiments illustrate that our method outperforms the conventional method(CM) and the existing pedestrian alert system(PAS).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10175872/C-V2XVRUsmartphoneV2Pphone caseconnected vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Changlong Zhang Jimin Wei Shibo Qu Changying Huang Jingang Dai Peipei Fu Zhixiong Wang Xinquan Li Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology IEEE Access C-V2X VRU smartphone V2P phone case connected vehicle |
| title | Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology |
| title_full | Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology |
| title_short | Implementation of a V2P-Based VRU Warning System With C-V2X Technology |
| title_sort | implementation of a v2p based vru warning system with c v2x technology |
| topic | C-V2X VRU smartphone V2P phone case connected vehicle |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10175872/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT changlongzhang implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT jiminwei implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT shiboqu implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT changyinghuang implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT jingangdai implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT peipeifu implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT zhixiongwang implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology AT xinquanli implementationofav2pbasedvruwarningsystemwithcv2xtechnology |