Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta)
Irregularities in cell division can produce asymmetry in symmetric structures, such as outlines of diatom cells, which can reflect genetic, environmental, or random variability in developmental processes. This study examined 12 phylogenetic lineages of the diatom genus <i>Frustulia</i> u...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1626 |
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| author | Jana Kulichová Pavla Urbánková |
| author_facet | Jana Kulichová Pavla Urbánková |
| author_sort | Jana Kulichová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irregularities in cell division can produce asymmetry in symmetric structures, such as outlines of diatom cells, which can reflect genetic, environmental, or random variability in developmental processes. This study examined 12 phylogenetic lineages of the diatom genus <i>Frustulia</i> using landmark-based geometric morphometrics to assess the variation between cell segments separated by apical and transapical axes. Although asymmetric variation within cells differed in some lineages, these irregularities most likely did not reflect the evolutionary history of the lineages. The intraclonal phenotypic plasticity of diatom frustules was induced rather by nongenetic factors, i.e., inherited valve abnormalities, constraints of siliceous cell walls, and random developmental instability during morphogenesis. The positive correlations between the symmetric and asymmetric components of shape variation indicated that the morphogenesis of diatom cell walls affected irregularities within cells and variability among the symmetrized cells to a similar extent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23d79079a40b40a48fd08826127092fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:52:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-23d79079a40b40a48fd08826127092fc2023-11-20T15:53:56ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942020-10-011210162610.3390/sym12101626Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta)Jana Kulichová0Pavla Urbánková1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech RepublicIrregularities in cell division can produce asymmetry in symmetric structures, such as outlines of diatom cells, which can reflect genetic, environmental, or random variability in developmental processes. This study examined 12 phylogenetic lineages of the diatom genus <i>Frustulia</i> using landmark-based geometric morphometrics to assess the variation between cell segments separated by apical and transapical axes. Although asymmetric variation within cells differed in some lineages, these irregularities most likely did not reflect the evolutionary history of the lineages. The intraclonal phenotypic plasticity of diatom frustules was induced rather by nongenetic factors, i.e., inherited valve abnormalities, constraints of siliceous cell walls, and random developmental instability during morphogenesis. The positive correlations between the symmetric and asymmetric components of shape variation indicated that the morphogenesis of diatom cell walls affected irregularities within cells and variability among the symmetrized cells to a similar extent.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1626biradial symmetrycell outlinesdiatomsgeometric morphometricsphylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Jana Kulichová Pavla Urbánková Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) Symmetry biradial symmetry cell outlines diatoms geometric morphometrics phylogeny |
| title | Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) |
| title_full | Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) |
| title_fullStr | Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) |
| title_short | Symmetric and Asymmetric Components of Shape Variation in the Diatom Genus <i>Frustulia</i> (Bacillariophyta) |
| title_sort | symmetric and asymmetric components of shape variation in the diatom genus i frustulia i bacillariophyta |
| topic | biradial symmetry cell outlines diatoms geometric morphometrics phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/10/1626 |
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