The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/2/252 |
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| author | Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika Richard E. Frye Daniel A. Rossignol Susan C. Owens Udara D. Senarathne Andreas M. Grabrucker Rasika Perera Marielle P. K. J. Engelen Nicolaas E. P. Deutz |
| author_facet | Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika Richard E. Frye Daniel A. Rossignol Susan C. Owens Udara D. Senarathne Andreas M. Grabrucker Rasika Perera Marielle P. K. J. Engelen Nicolaas E. P. Deutz |
| author_sort | Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:34:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23dbb93f84794a9f81fea7b0997d46f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:34:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-23dbb93f84794a9f81fea7b0997d46f22023-11-16T21:32:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-01-0113225210.3390/jpm13020252The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum DisorderNeluwa-Liyanage R. Indika0Richard E. Frye1Daniel A. Rossignol2Susan C. Owens3Udara D. Senarathne4Andreas M. Grabrucker5Rasika Perera6Marielle P. K. J. Engelen7Nicolaas E. P. Deutz8Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri LankaAutism Discovery and Research Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USARossignol Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USAAutism Oxalate Project at the Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92116, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri LankaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, IrelandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri LankaCenter for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USACenter for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAChildren with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/2/252autismvitaminsmineralscofactorsmicronutrientssupplements |
| spellingShingle | Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika Richard E. Frye Daniel A. Rossignol Susan C. Owens Udara D. Senarathne Andreas M. Grabrucker Rasika Perera Marielle P. K. J. Engelen Nicolaas E. P. Deutz The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder Journal of Personalized Medicine autism vitamins minerals cofactors micronutrients supplements |
| title | The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| title_full | The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| title_fullStr | The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| title_short | The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| title_sort | rationale for vitamin mineral and cofactor treatment in the precision medical care of autism spectrum disorder |
| topic | autism vitamins minerals cofactors micronutrients supplements |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/2/252 |
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