When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information
Morphology usually serves as an effective proxy for functional ecology, and the evaluation of morphological, anatomical, and ecological changes allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of diversification and macroevolution. Lingulid (Order Lingulida) brachiopods were diverse and abundant duri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Estonian Academy Publishers
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-140_20230611110823.pdf |
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| author | Yue Liang Luke C. Strotz Timothy P. Topper Lars E. Holmer Graham E. Budd Yanlong Chen Ruisen Fang Yazhou Hu Zhifei Zhang |
| author_facet | Yue Liang Luke C. Strotz Timothy P. Topper Lars E. Holmer Graham E. Budd Yanlong Chen Ruisen Fang Yazhou Hu Zhifei Zhang |
| author_sort | Yue Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Morphology usually serves as an effective proxy for functional ecology, and the evaluation of morphological, anatomical, and ecological changes allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of diversification and macroevolution. Lingulid (Order Lingulida) brachiopods were diverse and abundant during the early Palaeozoic, but decreased in diversity over time, with only a few genera of linguloids and discinoids present in modern marine ecosystems, frequently referred to as âliving fossilsâ. The dynamics that drove this decline remain unclear and it has not been determined if there is an associated decline in morphological and ecological diversity. We applied geometric morphometrics to reconstruct global morphospace occupied by lingulid brachiopods through the Phanerozoic, with results showing that maximum morphospace occupation was reached in the Early Ordovician. At this time of peak diversity, linguloids with sub-rectangular shells already possessed several evolutionary features common to all modern infaunal forms such as the rearrangement of mantle canals and reduction of the pseudointerarea. The end-Ordovician mass extinction had a differential effect on linguloids, disproportionally wiping out those with rounded shells whilst forms with sub-rectangular shells survived both the end-Ordovician and the PermianâTriassic mass extinctions, with post-extinction faunas predominantly composed of infaunal forms. For discinoids, both morphospace occupation and epi-benthic life strategies remain consistent through the Phanerozoic. Analysis of the morphospace occupation of lingulids over time, taking into account their body size, anatomical features and ecological changes, suggests that the reduced morphological and ecological diversity observed in modern lingulid brachiopods reflects evolutionary contingency rather than deterministic processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:36:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23dc7eb44f5f4ae8b9dcfeb4c44f8391 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1736-4728 1736-7557 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:36:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Estonian Academy Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-23dc7eb44f5f4ae8b9dcfeb4c44f83912023-06-14T07:33:30ZengEstonian Academy PublishersEstonian Journal of Earth Sciences1736-47281736-75572023-06-017211400https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.41https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2023.41When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical informationYue Liang0Luke C. Strotz1Timothy P. Topper2Lars E. Holmer3Graham E. Budd4Yanlong Chen5Ruisen Fang6Yazhou Hu7Zhifei Zhang8State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China; Institute of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi\'an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China; Institute of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, SwedenState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 ChinaMorphology usually serves as an effective proxy for functional ecology, and the evaluation of morphological, anatomical, and ecological changes allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of diversification and macroevolution. Lingulid (Order Lingulida) brachiopods were diverse and abundant during the early Palaeozoic, but decreased in diversity over time, with only a few genera of linguloids and discinoids present in modern marine ecosystems, frequently referred to as âliving fossilsâ. The dynamics that drove this decline remain unclear and it has not been determined if there is an associated decline in morphological and ecological diversity. We applied geometric morphometrics to reconstruct global morphospace occupied by lingulid brachiopods through the Phanerozoic, with results showing that maximum morphospace occupation was reached in the Early Ordovician. At this time of peak diversity, linguloids with sub-rectangular shells already possessed several evolutionary features common to all modern infaunal forms such as the rearrangement of mantle canals and reduction of the pseudointerarea. The end-Ordovician mass extinction had a differential effect on linguloids, disproportionally wiping out those with rounded shells whilst forms with sub-rectangular shells survived both the end-Ordovician and the PermianâTriassic mass extinctions, with post-extinction faunas predominantly composed of infaunal forms. For discinoids, both morphospace occupation and epi-benthic life strategies remain consistent through the Phanerozoic. Analysis of the morphospace occupation of lingulids over time, taking into account their body size, anatomical features and ecological changes, suggests that the reduced morphological and ecological diversity observed in modern lingulid brachiopods reflects evolutionary contingency rather than deterministic processes.https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-140_20230611110823.pdfmacroevolutionmorphospacebrachiopodsmass extinctionscontingency |
| spellingShingle | Yue Liang Luke C. Strotz Timothy P. Topper Lars E. Holmer Graham E. Budd Yanlong Chen Ruisen Fang Yazhou Hu Zhifei Zhang When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences macroevolution morphospace brachiopods mass extinctions contingency |
| title | When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| title_full | When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| title_fullStr | When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| title_full_unstemmed | When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| title_short | When lingulid brachiopods became infaunal(?) – perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| title_sort | when lingulid brachiopods became infaunal perspectives from the morphological and anatomical information |
| topic | macroevolution morphospace brachiopods mass extinctions contingency |
| url | https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2023-140_20230611110823.pdf |
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