Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum
Considering the low resource utilisation rate and high environmental pollution afflicting the current technology for extracting Li from spodumene ore, this report proposes a clean process for the vacuum carbothermal reduction of spodumene ores for Li extraction, ferrosilicon alloy preparation, and a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abd138 |
| _version_ | 1797746796287492096 |
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| author | Fei Lyu Hao Du Lei Shi Yuan Tian Xiao-Pan Zhang Tao Qu Bin Yang Yong-Nian Dai |
| author_facet | Fei Lyu Hao Du Lei Shi Yuan Tian Xiao-Pan Zhang Tao Qu Bin Yang Yong-Nian Dai |
| author_sort | Fei Lyu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering the low resource utilisation rate and high environmental pollution afflicting the current technology for extracting Li from spodumene ore, this report proposes a clean process for the vacuum carbothermal reduction of spodumene ores for Li extraction, ferrosilicon alloy preparation, and alumina recovery. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that vacuum conditions can significantly promote the carbothermic reduction of spodumene ores and that the initial reaction temperature can be reduced by 480 K when an environmental pressure of 20 Pa is applied. According to the experimental results, two important factors in the above procedure are the reduction temperature and reduction time. When the reduction temperature was 1648 K and the reduction time 3 h, the reduction rate of Li in the spodumene ore exceeded 90%. Furthermore, the ferrosilicon alloy and alumina slag could be effectively separated from the reduction residue. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulation of the reduction process was combined with the experimental results to assess the vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism of spodumene ores. Compared with the existing Li extraction approach, this method has the advantages of a straightforward process flow, almost zero waste water/waste residue production, environmental compatibility, and increased resource exploitation. Based on the above, this work provides new insights for advancing the conventional technology used for Li extraction from spodumene ores. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:41:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23dfe69e36df48338eed1457e490d6f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:41:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj.art-23dfe69e36df48338eed1457e490d6f82023-08-09T15:55:21ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912020-01-018101650510.1088/2053-1591/abd138Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuumFei Lyu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-368XHao Du1Lei Shi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-3011Yuan Tian3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-8218Xiao-Pan Zhang4Tao Qu5Bin Yang6Yong-Nian Dai7State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metals Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metals Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metals Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metals Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metals Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093, People’s Republic of ChinaConsidering the low resource utilisation rate and high environmental pollution afflicting the current technology for extracting Li from spodumene ore, this report proposes a clean process for the vacuum carbothermal reduction of spodumene ores for Li extraction, ferrosilicon alloy preparation, and alumina recovery. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that vacuum conditions can significantly promote the carbothermic reduction of spodumene ores and that the initial reaction temperature can be reduced by 480 K when an environmental pressure of 20 Pa is applied. According to the experimental results, two important factors in the above procedure are the reduction temperature and reduction time. When the reduction temperature was 1648 K and the reduction time 3 h, the reduction rate of Li in the spodumene ore exceeded 90%. Furthermore, the ferrosilicon alloy and alumina slag could be effectively separated from the reduction residue. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulation of the reduction process was combined with the experimental results to assess the vacuum carbothermal reduction mechanism of spodumene ores. Compared with the existing Li extraction approach, this method has the advantages of a straightforward process flow, almost zero waste water/waste residue production, environmental compatibility, and increased resource exploitation. Based on the above, this work provides new insights for advancing the conventional technology used for Li extraction from spodumene ores.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abd138spodumene orecarbothermal reductionvacuumlithiumferrosilicon alloyalumina |
| spellingShingle | Fei Lyu Hao Du Lei Shi Yuan Tian Xiao-Pan Zhang Tao Qu Bin Yang Yong-Nian Dai Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum Materials Research Express spodumene ore carbothermal reduction vacuum lithium ferrosilicon alloy alumina |
| title | Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| title_full | Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| title_short | Experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| title_sort | experimental and mechanism research on carbothermal reduction of spodumene ore via vacuum |
| topic | spodumene ore carbothermal reduction vacuum lithium ferrosilicon alloy alumina |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abd138 |
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