Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs
Protozoan parasite diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Factors such as climate change, extreme poverty, migration, and a lack of life opportunities lead to the propagation of diseases classified as tropical or non-endemic. Although there are several drugs to combat parasiti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/543 |
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| author | Carlos Gaona-López Lenci K. Vazquez-Jimenez Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez Benjamín Nogueda-Torres Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez Karina Vázquez Emma Saavedra Gildardo Rivera |
| author_facet | Carlos Gaona-López Lenci K. Vazquez-Jimenez Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez Benjamín Nogueda-Torres Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez Karina Vázquez Emma Saavedra Gildardo Rivera |
| author_sort | Carlos Gaona-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protozoan parasite diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Factors such as climate change, extreme poverty, migration, and a lack of life opportunities lead to the propagation of diseases classified as tropical or non-endemic. Although there are several drugs to combat parasitic diseases, strains resistant to routinely used drugs have been reported. In addition, many first-line drugs have adverse effects ranging from mild to severe, including potential carcinogenic effects. Therefore, new lead compounds are needed to combat these parasites. Although little has been studied regarding the epigenetic mechanisms in lower eukaryotes, it is believed that epigenetics plays an essential role in vital aspects of the organism, from controlling the life cycle to the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, using epigenetic targets to combat these parasites is foreseen as an area with great potential for development. This review summarizes the main known epigenetic mechanisms and their potential as therapeutics for a group of medically important protozoal parasites. Different epigenetic mechanisms are discussed, highlighting those that can be used for drug repositioning, such as histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs). Exclusive parasite targets are also emphasized, including the base J and DNA 6 mA. These two categories have the greatest potential for developing drugs to treat or eradicate these diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23e0cdfe979f4e109e368c7335194dad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-23e0cdfe979f4e109e368c7335194dad2023-11-17T20:50:25ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-04-0116454310.3390/ph16040543Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential DrugsCarlos Gaona-López0Lenci K. Vazquez-Jimenez1Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez2Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado3Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez4Benjamín Nogueda-Torres5Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez6Karina Vázquez7Emma Saavedra8Gildardo Rivera9Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoDepartamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, MexicoLaboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Avenida Universidad S/N, Ex Hacienda Cinco Señores, Oaxaca 68120, MexicoFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa 20, General Escobedo 66054, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, MexicoProtozoan parasite diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Factors such as climate change, extreme poverty, migration, and a lack of life opportunities lead to the propagation of diseases classified as tropical or non-endemic. Although there are several drugs to combat parasitic diseases, strains resistant to routinely used drugs have been reported. In addition, many first-line drugs have adverse effects ranging from mild to severe, including potential carcinogenic effects. Therefore, new lead compounds are needed to combat these parasites. Although little has been studied regarding the epigenetic mechanisms in lower eukaryotes, it is believed that epigenetics plays an essential role in vital aspects of the organism, from controlling the life cycle to the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, using epigenetic targets to combat these parasites is foreseen as an area with great potential for development. This review summarizes the main known epigenetic mechanisms and their potential as therapeutics for a group of medically important protozoal parasites. Different epigenetic mechanisms are discussed, highlighting those that can be used for drug repositioning, such as histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs). Exclusive parasite targets are also emphasized, including the base J and DNA 6 mA. These two categories have the greatest potential for developing drugs to treat or eradicate these diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/543epigenetic targetsdrugsinhibitorsprotozoa |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Gaona-López Lenci K. Vazquez-Jimenez Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez Benjamín Nogueda-Torres Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez Karina Vázquez Emma Saavedra Gildardo Rivera Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs Pharmaceuticals epigenetic targets drugs inhibitors protozoa |
| title | Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs |
| title_full | Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs |
| title_short | Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs |
| title_sort | advances in protozoan epigenetic targets and their inhibitors for the development of new potential drugs |
| topic | epigenetic targets drugs inhibitors protozoa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/543 |
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