Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism
Abstract Background In the treatment for hypothyroidism, a historically symptom-orientated approach has given way to reliance on a single biochemical parameter, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Main body The historical developments and motivation leading to that decision and its potential implicat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12902-019-0365-4 |
| _version_ | 1818417193200648192 |
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| author | John E. M. Midgley Anthony D. Toft Rolf Larisch Johannes W. Dietrich Rudolf Hoermann |
| author_facet | John E. M. Midgley Anthony D. Toft Rolf Larisch Johannes W. Dietrich Rudolf Hoermann |
| author_sort | John E. M. Midgley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In the treatment for hypothyroidism, a historically symptom-orientated approach has given way to reliance on a single biochemical parameter, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Main body The historical developments and motivation leading to that decision and its potential implications are explored from pathophysiological, clinical and statistical viewpoints. An increasing frequency of hypothyroid-like complaints is noted in patients in the wake of this directional shift, together with relaxation of treatment targets. Recent prospective and retrospective studies suggested a changing pattern in patient complaints associated with recent guideline-led low-dose policies. A resulting dramatic rise has ensued in patients, expressing in various ways dissatisfaction with the standard treatment. Contributing factors may include raised problem awareness, overlap of thyroid-related complaints with numerous non-specific symptoms, and apparent deficiencies in the diagnostic process itself. Assuming that maintaining TSH anywhere within its broad reference limits may achieve a satisfactory outcome is challenged. The interrelationship between TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) is patient specific and highly individual. Population-based statistical analysis is therefore subject to amalgamation problems (Simpson’s paradox, collider stratification bias). This invalidates group-averaged and range-bound approaches, rather demanding a subject-related statistical approach. Randomised clinical trial (RCT) outcomes may be equally distorted by intra-class clustering. Analytical distinction between an averaged versus typical outcome becomes clinically relevant, because doctors and patients are more interested in the latter. It follows that population-based diagnostic cut-offs for TSH may not be an appropriate treatment target. Studies relating TSH and thyroid hormone concentrations to adverse effects such as osteoporosis and atrial fibrillation invite similar caveats, as measuring TSH within the euthyroid range cannot substitute for FT4 and FT3 concentrations in the risk assessment. Direct markers of thyroid tissue effects and thyroid-specific quality of life instruments are required, but need methodological improvement. Conclusion It appears that we are witnessing a consequential historic shift in the treatment of thyroid disease, driven by over-reliance on a single laboratory parameter TSH. The focus on biochemistry rather than patient symptom relief should be re-assessed. A joint consideration together with a more personalized approach may be required to address the recent surge in patient complaint rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:02:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23e386b22e174877add35b6694fdb96f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:02:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-23e386b22e174877add35b6694fdb96f2022-12-21T23:01:56ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232019-04-011911810.1186/s12902-019-0365-4Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidismJohn E. M. Midgley0Anthony D. Toft1Rolf Larisch2Johannes W. Dietrich3Rudolf HoermannNorth Lakes ClinicalSpire Murrayfield HospitalDepartment for Nuclear MedicineMedical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of BochumAbstract Background In the treatment for hypothyroidism, a historically symptom-orientated approach has given way to reliance on a single biochemical parameter, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Main body The historical developments and motivation leading to that decision and its potential implications are explored from pathophysiological, clinical and statistical viewpoints. An increasing frequency of hypothyroid-like complaints is noted in patients in the wake of this directional shift, together with relaxation of treatment targets. Recent prospective and retrospective studies suggested a changing pattern in patient complaints associated with recent guideline-led low-dose policies. A resulting dramatic rise has ensued in patients, expressing in various ways dissatisfaction with the standard treatment. Contributing factors may include raised problem awareness, overlap of thyroid-related complaints with numerous non-specific symptoms, and apparent deficiencies in the diagnostic process itself. Assuming that maintaining TSH anywhere within its broad reference limits may achieve a satisfactory outcome is challenged. The interrelationship between TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) is patient specific and highly individual. Population-based statistical analysis is therefore subject to amalgamation problems (Simpson’s paradox, collider stratification bias). This invalidates group-averaged and range-bound approaches, rather demanding a subject-related statistical approach. Randomised clinical trial (RCT) outcomes may be equally distorted by intra-class clustering. Analytical distinction between an averaged versus typical outcome becomes clinically relevant, because doctors and patients are more interested in the latter. It follows that population-based diagnostic cut-offs for TSH may not be an appropriate treatment target. Studies relating TSH and thyroid hormone concentrations to adverse effects such as osteoporosis and atrial fibrillation invite similar caveats, as measuring TSH within the euthyroid range cannot substitute for FT4 and FT3 concentrations in the risk assessment. Direct markers of thyroid tissue effects and thyroid-specific quality of life instruments are required, but need methodological improvement. Conclusion It appears that we are witnessing a consequential historic shift in the treatment of thyroid disease, driven by over-reliance on a single laboratory parameter TSH. The focus on biochemistry rather than patient symptom relief should be re-assessed. A joint consideration together with a more personalized approach may be required to address the recent surge in patient complaint rates.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12902-019-0365-4Thyroxine therapyFree thyroxineFree triiodothyronineThyroid stimulating hormoneDiagnostic strategiesTreatment protocols, Randomised clinical trials |
| spellingShingle | John E. M. Midgley Anthony D. Toft Rolf Larisch Johannes W. Dietrich Rudolf Hoermann Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism BMC Endocrine Disorders Thyroxine therapy Free thyroxine Free triiodothyronine Thyroid stimulating hormone Diagnostic strategies Treatment protocols, Randomised clinical trials |
| title | Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| title_full | Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| title_fullStr | Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| title_short | Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| title_sort | time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism |
| topic | Thyroxine therapy Free thyroxine Free triiodothyronine Thyroid stimulating hormone Diagnostic strategies Treatment protocols, Randomised clinical trials |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12902-019-0365-4 |
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