Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro
Phenolic compounds that estimate apple extracts with multifaceted biological effects are potentially valuable for protection against skin disorders. The purpose of our research was to formulate gels and emulgels containing a complex of phenolic compounds of apple extracts and to perform a biopharmac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/373 |
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| author | Aurita Butkeviciute Kristina Ramanauskiene Valdimaras Janulis |
| author_facet | Aurita Butkeviciute Kristina Ramanauskiene Valdimaras Janulis |
| author_sort | Aurita Butkeviciute |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenolic compounds that estimate apple extracts with multifaceted biological effects are potentially valuable for protection against skin disorders. The purpose of our research was to formulate gels and emulgels containing a complex of phenolic compounds of apple extracts and to perform a biopharmaceutical evaluation of semi-solid pharmaceutical forms, determining their antioxidant activity in vitro. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds were performed. The total amount of phenolic compounds found in the sample of apples from the ‘Paprastasis antaninis’ cultivar was 1455.5 ± 72.8 µg/g. The release of phenolics from gels and emulgels was assessed by Franz-type diffusion cells. The in vitro release test revealed that phenolic compounds were released from the gel (G1–G6) formulations (70.6–73.8%) compared to the amounts (77.2–83.9%) released from the emulgel (E1–E6) formulations. The largest amount (83.9%) of phenolic compounds was released from the E5 formulation, while the smallest amounts (70.6%) were released from the formulations G3 and G5. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH and FRAP methods observed in all gel (G1–G6) and emulgel (E1–E6) formulations after 6 h were the strongest, compared to the activities observed in the formulations after 2 or 4 h. Gels and emulgels, which are rich in apple extracts, have strong antioxidant properties and may be promising choices for the development of new, innovative pharmaceutical forms or cosmetics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:43:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23e52fccd6bc4645a310f130cff8769e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:43:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-23e52fccd6bc4645a310f130cff8769e2023-11-23T18:32:48ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-02-0111237310.3390/antiox11020373Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In VitroAurita Butkeviciute0Kristina Ramanauskiene1Valdimaras Janulis2Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, LithuaniaPhenolic compounds that estimate apple extracts with multifaceted biological effects are potentially valuable for protection against skin disorders. The purpose of our research was to formulate gels and emulgels containing a complex of phenolic compounds of apple extracts and to perform a biopharmaceutical evaluation of semi-solid pharmaceutical forms, determining their antioxidant activity in vitro. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds were performed. The total amount of phenolic compounds found in the sample of apples from the ‘Paprastasis antaninis’ cultivar was 1455.5 ± 72.8 µg/g. The release of phenolics from gels and emulgels was assessed by Franz-type diffusion cells. The in vitro release test revealed that phenolic compounds were released from the gel (G1–G6) formulations (70.6–73.8%) compared to the amounts (77.2–83.9%) released from the emulgel (E1–E6) formulations. The largest amount (83.9%) of phenolic compounds was released from the E5 formulation, while the smallest amounts (70.6%) were released from the formulations G3 and G5. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the DPPH and FRAP methods observed in all gel (G1–G6) and emulgel (E1–E6) formulations after 6 h were the strongest, compared to the activities observed in the formulations after 2 or 4 h. Gels and emulgels, which are rich in apple extracts, have strong antioxidant properties and may be promising choices for the development of new, innovative pharmaceutical forms or cosmetics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/373antioxidantsapplepolyphenolstopical preparations |
| spellingShingle | Aurita Butkeviciute Kristina Ramanauskiene Valdimaras Janulis Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro Antioxidants antioxidants apple polyphenols topical preparations |
| title | Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro |
| title_full | Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro |
| title_short | Formulation of Gels and Emulgels with <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh: Apple Extracts and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation In Vitro |
| title_sort | formulation of gels and emulgels with i malus domestica i borkh apple extracts and their biopharmaceutical evaluation in vitro |
| topic | antioxidants apple polyphenols topical preparations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/373 |
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