| Summary: | The beginnings of the Turkish Republic, proclaimed in October 1923, are for the French press, which has existed in Turkey for a very long time, as a reversal of the exercising conditions. They actually show the transition from an old regime—where this press has had lasting success for more than a century and had acquired its habits—to a new regime. Revolutionary and transformative process since it proceeds from a war of independence where a nationalist rebellion demanded step by step (May 1919‑August 1922) a territory which became the will of the winners of the First World War had considerably reduced. Such a refocusing on priorities towards the affirmation of national supremacy and the requirement for recognition of national independence relativizes the usefulness of a foreign language press including one published in the language of one of the winners. However, the use continues, and once peace has been restored and the republic has been proclaimed, such a foreign press continues to exist within a wide variety of styles; but its use as the point of an instrument of propaganda which has gradually become submitted to the conditions laid down through the will of an increasingly political centralization.
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