Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions
Unexpected rainfall before herbicide absorption by plants can wash away herbicides from plant tissue surfaces, which may reduce the herbicidal efficacy and increase the adverse effects on nontarget organisms and the environment, including water networks. The objective of this study was the evaluatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1666 |
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| author | Denny Kurniadie Uum Umiyati Ryan Widianto Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_facet | Denny Kurniadie Uum Umiyati Ryan Widianto Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_sort | Denny Kurniadie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unexpected rainfall before herbicide absorption by plants can wash away herbicides from plant tissue surfaces, which may reduce the herbicidal efficacy and increase the adverse effects on nontarget organisms and the environment, including water networks. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effect of chitosan on paraquat efficacy under simulated rainfall conditions. Simulated rainfall within 3 h after paraquat application decreased its herbicidal efficacy. A mixture of paraquat (280 g a.i./ha) and chitosan (0.05% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) significantly increased the herbicidal efficacy against <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> L. (21% increase)<i>, Borreria alata</i> Aubl. (15%) and <i>Paspalum conjugatum</i> Bergius (8%) under the rainfall conditions. The chemical structure of chitosan may contribute to the penetration of paraquat into plant tissues. However, a mixture of paraquat and chitosan did not affect the herbicidal efficacy against <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> (L.) Beauv. The morphological characteristics of <i>I. cylindrica</i> may interfere with the enhancement effect of chitosan. Chitosan is a degradable, nontoxic and easily available and low-cost material made from crustacean shells. These results suggest that chitosan may increase paraquat efficacy against some noxious weed species under rainfall conditions, which may reduce the risk of paraquat contamination into the environment. Therefore, the application of herbicides with chitosan may provide the economic and environmental benefits. Chitosan may enhance the efficacy of other herbicides under unexpected rainfall conditions; however, this possibility requires further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23e9b3ed8ab241fd8ff3bc33d8bd4f48 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-23e9b3ed8ab241fd8ff3bc33d8bd4f482023-12-01T21:47:37ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-07-01127166610.3390/agronomy12071666Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall ConditionsDenny Kurniadie0Uum Umiyati1Ryan Widianto2Hisashi Kato-Noguchi3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Ir Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45360, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Ir Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45360, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Ir Soekarno Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45360, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaDepartment of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, JapanUnexpected rainfall before herbicide absorption by plants can wash away herbicides from plant tissue surfaces, which may reduce the herbicidal efficacy and increase the adverse effects on nontarget organisms and the environment, including water networks. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effect of chitosan on paraquat efficacy under simulated rainfall conditions. Simulated rainfall within 3 h after paraquat application decreased its herbicidal efficacy. A mixture of paraquat (280 g a.i./ha) and chitosan (0.05% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) significantly increased the herbicidal efficacy against <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> L. (21% increase)<i>, Borreria alata</i> Aubl. (15%) and <i>Paspalum conjugatum</i> Bergius (8%) under the rainfall conditions. The chemical structure of chitosan may contribute to the penetration of paraquat into plant tissues. However, a mixture of paraquat and chitosan did not affect the herbicidal efficacy against <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> (L.) Beauv. The morphological characteristics of <i>I. cylindrica</i> may interfere with the enhancement effect of chitosan. Chitosan is a degradable, nontoxic and easily available and low-cost material made from crustacean shells. These results suggest that chitosan may increase paraquat efficacy against some noxious weed species under rainfall conditions, which may reduce the risk of paraquat contamination into the environment. Therefore, the application of herbicides with chitosan may provide the economic and environmental benefits. Chitosan may enhance the efficacy of other herbicides under unexpected rainfall conditions; however, this possibility requires further investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1666chitosanherbicide efficacynanoparticleparaquatrainfall |
| spellingShingle | Denny Kurniadie Uum Umiyati Ryan Widianto Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions Agronomy chitosan herbicide efficacy nanoparticle paraquat rainfall |
| title | Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions |
| title_full | Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions |
| title_short | Effect of Chitosan Molecules on Paraquat Herbicidal Efficacy under Simulated Rainfall Conditions |
| title_sort | effect of chitosan molecules on paraquat herbicidal efficacy under simulated rainfall conditions |
| topic | chitosan herbicide efficacy nanoparticle paraquat rainfall |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1666 |
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