Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode
This study systematically optimized the key operating parameters and interpreted their effecting mechanisms in a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system. The optimal voltage, activated carbon electrode content, electrolyte concentration, feedwater flowrate, and electrode flowrate for de...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402400971X |
| _version_ | 1827360804262903808 |
|---|---|
| author | Wanni Zhang Wenchao Xue Chunpeng Zhang Kang Xiao |
| author_facet | Wanni Zhang Wenchao Xue Chunpeng Zhang Kang Xiao |
| author_sort | Wanni Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study systematically optimized the key operating parameters and interpreted their effecting mechanisms in a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system. The optimal voltage, activated carbon electrode content, electrolyte concentration, feedwater flowrate, and electrode flowrate for desalinating low salinity feedwater (1.0 g L−1 NaCl) were determined to be 1.8 V, 2.0 wt%, 10.0 g L−1, 80 mL min−1, and 60 mL min−1, respectively. The variations of the above parameters can affect the system conductivity, the thickness and stability of the electric double layers, and/or the degree of concentration polarization, thereby influencing the desalination performance. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis identified the operating voltage as the dominant parameter with the most significant influence on the FCDI system. Subsequently, a long-term operation was carried out under single-pass mode. The results showed that the lab-scale FCDI system was able to constantly maintain the desalination efficiency of 1.0 g L−1 feedwater (NaCl) at 40–60 % for multiple operating cycles. Over 99.8 % of electrode material regeneration and desalination efficiency recovery was able to be obtained during a 60-h operation, demonstrating that the FCDI system showed strong stability and long-term operation potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23f2768a50d74ba7a74a6b1b4ca9e4ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-23f2768a50d74ba7a74a6b1b4ca9e4ce2024-02-03T06:38:44ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-01-01102e24940Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrodeWanni Zhang0Wenchao Xue1Chunpeng Zhang2Kang Xiao3Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, ThailandDepartment of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Corresponding author.Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Corresponding author.College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaThis study systematically optimized the key operating parameters and interpreted their effecting mechanisms in a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system. The optimal voltage, activated carbon electrode content, electrolyte concentration, feedwater flowrate, and electrode flowrate for desalinating low salinity feedwater (1.0 g L−1 NaCl) were determined to be 1.8 V, 2.0 wt%, 10.0 g L−1, 80 mL min−1, and 60 mL min−1, respectively. The variations of the above parameters can affect the system conductivity, the thickness and stability of the electric double layers, and/or the degree of concentration polarization, thereby influencing the desalination performance. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis identified the operating voltage as the dominant parameter with the most significant influence on the FCDI system. Subsequently, a long-term operation was carried out under single-pass mode. The results showed that the lab-scale FCDI system was able to constantly maintain the desalination efficiency of 1.0 g L−1 feedwater (NaCl) at 40–60 % for multiple operating cycles. Over 99.8 % of electrode material regeneration and desalination efficiency recovery was able to be obtained during a 60-h operation, demonstrating that the FCDI system showed strong stability and long-term operation potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402400971XFlow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI)Operating parametersSensitivity analysisElectrode regenerationLong-term operation |
| spellingShingle | Wanni Zhang Wenchao Xue Chunpeng Zhang Kang Xiao Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode Heliyon Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) Operating parameters Sensitivity analysis Electrode regeneration Long-term operation |
| title | Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode |
| title_full | Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode |
| title_fullStr | Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode |
| title_short | Towards long-term operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow-electrode |
| title_sort | towards long term operation of flow electrode capacitive deionization fcdi optimization of operating parameters and regeneration of flow electrode |
| topic | Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) Operating parameters Sensitivity analysis Electrode regeneration Long-term operation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402400971X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wannizhang towardslongtermoperationofflowelectrodecapacitivedeionizationfcdioptimizationofoperatingparametersandregenerationofflowelectrode AT wenchaoxue towardslongtermoperationofflowelectrodecapacitivedeionizationfcdioptimizationofoperatingparametersandregenerationofflowelectrode AT chunpengzhang towardslongtermoperationofflowelectrodecapacitivedeionizationfcdioptimizationofoperatingparametersandregenerationofflowelectrode AT kangxiao towardslongtermoperationofflowelectrodecapacitivedeionizationfcdioptimizationofoperatingparametersandregenerationofflowelectrode |