Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships
One of the short-term operational measures for fuel savings and reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ships at sea is sailing at reduced speed, i.e., slow steaming, while the gasification of the ship represents an important mid-term technical measure. In this study, the energetic and ec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/5/703 |
| _version_ | 1797498719511248896 |
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| author | Ivan Gospić Ivana Martić Nastia Degiuli Andrea Farkas |
| author_facet | Ivan Gospić Ivana Martić Nastia Degiuli Andrea Farkas |
| author_sort | Ivan Gospić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the short-term operational measures for fuel savings and reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ships at sea is sailing at reduced speed, i.e., slow steaming, while the gasification of the ship represents an important mid-term technical measure. In this study, the energetic and ecological benefits of slow steaming and gasification are studied for a container ship sailing between Shanghai and Hamburg. Resistance and propulsion characteristics in calm water are calculated using computational fluid dynamics based on the viscous flow theory for a full-scale ship, while the added resistance in waves is calculated by applying potential flow theory. The propeller operating point is determined for the design and slow steaming speeds at sea states with the highest probability of occurrence through the investigated sailing route. Thereafter, the fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are calculated for a selected dual fuel engine in fuel oil- and gas-supplying modes complying with IMO Tier II and Tier III requirements. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for various slow steaming speeds compared to the design speed at different sea states, and for the gasification of a container ship. For realistic weather conditions through the investigated route, the potential reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per year could be up to 11.66 kt/year for fuel oil mode and 8.53 kt/year for gas-operating mode. CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction per year due to gasification under realistic weather conditions could be up to 22 kt/year. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23f4b0cef113457982aefc2cc11b4a82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-23f4b0cef113457982aefc2cc11b4a822023-11-23T11:40:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-05-0110570310.3390/jmse10050703Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container ShipsIvan Gospić0Ivana Martić1Nastia Degiuli2Andrea Farkas3The Maritime Department, University of Zadar, Ulica Mihovila Pavlinovića 1, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaOne of the short-term operational measures for fuel savings and reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ships at sea is sailing at reduced speed, i.e., slow steaming, while the gasification of the ship represents an important mid-term technical measure. In this study, the energetic and ecological benefits of slow steaming and gasification are studied for a container ship sailing between Shanghai and Hamburg. Resistance and propulsion characteristics in calm water are calculated using computational fluid dynamics based on the viscous flow theory for a full-scale ship, while the added resistance in waves is calculated by applying potential flow theory. The propeller operating point is determined for the design and slow steaming speeds at sea states with the highest probability of occurrence through the investigated sailing route. Thereafter, the fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are calculated for a selected dual fuel engine in fuel oil- and gas-supplying modes complying with IMO Tier II and Tier III requirements. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in fuel consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for various slow steaming speeds compared to the design speed at different sea states, and for the gasification of a container ship. For realistic weather conditions through the investigated route, the potential reduction in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per year could be up to 11.66 kt/year for fuel oil mode and 8.53 kt/year for gas-operating mode. CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction per year due to gasification under realistic weather conditions could be up to 22 kt/year.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/5/703LNG fueled container shipslow steamingresistance and propulsion characteristicsfuel consumptionCO<sub>2</sub> emissions |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Gospić Ivana Martić Nastia Degiuli Andrea Farkas Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships Journal of Marine Science and Engineering LNG fueled container ship slow steaming resistance and propulsion characteristics fuel consumption CO<sub>2</sub> emissions |
| title | Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships |
| title_full | Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships |
| title_fullStr | Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships |
| title_short | Energetic and Ecological Effects of the Slow Steaming Application and Gasification of Container Ships |
| title_sort | energetic and ecological effects of the slow steaming application and gasification of container ships |
| topic | LNG fueled container ship slow steaming resistance and propulsion characteristics fuel consumption CO<sub>2</sub> emissions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/5/703 |
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