Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. SAR is effective against many pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule of the SAR pathway. The...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2009-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/9/105 |
| _version_ | 1828492131660988416 |
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| author | Sandhu Devinder Tasma I Made Frasch Ryan Bhattacharyya Madan K |
| author_facet | Sandhu Devinder Tasma I Made Frasch Ryan Bhattacharyya Madan K |
| author_sort | Sandhu Devinder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. SAR is effective against many pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule of the SAR pathway. The development of SAR is associated with the induction of pathogenesis related (<it>PR</it>) genes. Arabidopsis <it>non-expressor </it>of <it>PR1 </it>(<it>NPR1</it>) is a regulatory gene of the SA signal pathway <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr><abbr bid="B2">2</abbr><abbr bid="B3">3</abbr></abbrgrp>. SAR in soybean was first reported following infection with <it>Colletotrichum trancatum </it>that causes anthracnose disease. We investigated if SAR in soybean is regulated by a pathway, similar to the one characterized in Arabidopsis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pathogenesis-related gene <it>GmPR1 </it>is induced following treatment of soybean plants with the SAR inducer, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or infection with the oomycete pathogen, <it>Phytophthora sojae</it>. In <it>P. sojae</it>-infected plants, SAR was induced against the bacterial pathogen, <it>Pseudomonas syringae </it>pv. glycinea. Soybean <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>genes showed high identities to Arabidopsis <it>NPR1</it>. They showed similar expression patterns among the organs, studied in this investigation. <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>are the only soybean homologues of <it>NPR1</it>and are located in homoeologous regions. In <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>transformed Arabidopsis <it>npr1-1 </it>mutant plants, SAR markers: (i) <it>PR-1 </it>was induced following INA treatment and (ii) <it>BGL2 </it>following infection with <it>Pseudomonas syringae </it>pv. tomato (<it>Pst</it>), and SAR was induced following <it>Pst </it>infection. Of the five cysteine residues, Cys<sup>82</sup>, Cys<sup>150</sup>, Cys<sup>155</sup>, Cys<sup>160</sup>, and Cys<sup>216 </sup>involved in oligomer-monomer transition in NPR1, Cys<sup>216</sup> in GmNPR1-1 and GmNPR1-2 proteins was substituted to Ser and Leu, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Complementation analyses in Arabidopsis <it>npr1-1 </it>mutants revealed that homoeologous <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>genes are orthologous to Arabidopsis <it>NPR1</it>. Therefore, SAR pathway in soybean is most likely regulated by <it>GmNPR1 </it>genes. Substitution of Cys<sup>216 </sup>residue, essential for oligomer-monomer transition of Arabidopsis NPR1, with Ser and Leu residues in GmNPR1-1 and GmNPR1-2, respectively, suggested that there may be differences between the regulatory mechanisms of GmNPR1 and Arabidopsis NPR proteins.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:15:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23f5d5ce3bea44c6925bda2c2d95c98b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:15:11Z |
| publishDate | 2009-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-23f5d5ce3bea44c6925bda2c2d95c98b2022-12-22T01:09:22ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292009-08-019110510.1186/1471-2229-9-105Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1Sandhu DevinderTasma I MadeFrasch RyanBhattacharyya Madan K<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. SAR is effective against many pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule of the SAR pathway. The development of SAR is associated with the induction of pathogenesis related (<it>PR</it>) genes. Arabidopsis <it>non-expressor </it>of <it>PR1 </it>(<it>NPR1</it>) is a regulatory gene of the SA signal pathway <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr><abbr bid="B2">2</abbr><abbr bid="B3">3</abbr></abbrgrp>. SAR in soybean was first reported following infection with <it>Colletotrichum trancatum </it>that causes anthracnose disease. We investigated if SAR in soybean is regulated by a pathway, similar to the one characterized in Arabidopsis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pathogenesis-related gene <it>GmPR1 </it>is induced following treatment of soybean plants with the SAR inducer, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or infection with the oomycete pathogen, <it>Phytophthora sojae</it>. In <it>P. sojae</it>-infected plants, SAR was induced against the bacterial pathogen, <it>Pseudomonas syringae </it>pv. glycinea. Soybean <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>genes showed high identities to Arabidopsis <it>NPR1</it>. They showed similar expression patterns among the organs, studied in this investigation. <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>are the only soybean homologues of <it>NPR1</it>and are located in homoeologous regions. In <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>transformed Arabidopsis <it>npr1-1 </it>mutant plants, SAR markers: (i) <it>PR-1 </it>was induced following INA treatment and (ii) <it>BGL2 </it>following infection with <it>Pseudomonas syringae </it>pv. tomato (<it>Pst</it>), and SAR was induced following <it>Pst </it>infection. Of the five cysteine residues, Cys<sup>82</sup>, Cys<sup>150</sup>, Cys<sup>155</sup>, Cys<sup>160</sup>, and Cys<sup>216 </sup>involved in oligomer-monomer transition in NPR1, Cys<sup>216</sup> in GmNPR1-1 and GmNPR1-2 proteins was substituted to Ser and Leu, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Complementation analyses in Arabidopsis <it>npr1-1 </it>mutants revealed that homoeologous <it>GmNPR1-1 </it>and <it>GmNPR1-2 </it>genes are orthologous to Arabidopsis <it>NPR1</it>. Therefore, SAR pathway in soybean is most likely regulated by <it>GmNPR1 </it>genes. Substitution of Cys<sup>216 </sup>residue, essential for oligomer-monomer transition of Arabidopsis NPR1, with Ser and Leu residues in GmNPR1-1 and GmNPR1-2, respectively, suggested that there may be differences between the regulatory mechanisms of GmNPR1 and Arabidopsis NPR proteins.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/9/105 |
| spellingShingle | Sandhu Devinder Tasma I Made Frasch Ryan Bhattacharyya Madan K Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 BMC Plant Biology |
| title | Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 |
| title_full | Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 |
| title_fullStr | Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 |
| title_short | Systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, Orthologous to Arabidopsis NPR1 |
| title_sort | systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins orthologous to arabidopsis npr1 |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/9/105 |
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