Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis
The host–parasite schistosome relationship relies heavily on the interplay between the strategies imposed by the schistosome worm and the defense mechanisms the host uses to counter the line of attack of the parasite. The ultimate goal of the schistosome parasite entails five important steps: evade...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7216 |
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| author | Priscilla Masamba Abidemi Paul Kappo |
| author_facet | Priscilla Masamba Abidemi Paul Kappo |
| author_sort | Priscilla Masamba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The host–parasite schistosome relationship relies heavily on the interplay between the strategies imposed by the schistosome worm and the defense mechanisms the host uses to counter the line of attack of the parasite. The ultimate goal of the schistosome parasite entails five important steps: evade elimination tactics, survive within the human host, develop into adult forms, propagate in large numbers, and transmit from one host to the next. The aim of the parasitized host on the other hand is either to cure or limit infection. Therefore, it is a battle between two conflicting aspirations. From the host’s standpoint, infection accompanies a plethora of immunological consequences; some are set in place to defend the host, while most end up promoting chronic disease, which ultimately crosses paths with oxidative stress and cancer. Understanding these networks provides attractive opportunities for anti-schistosome therapeutic development. Hence, this review discusses the mechanisms by which schistosomes modulate the human immune response with ultimate links to oxidative stress and genetic instability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:51:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-23fcf56b7c154fe583298b228f63e782 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:51:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-23fcf56b7c154fe583298b228f63e7822023-11-22T02:42:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-012213721610.3390/ijms22137216Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and SchistosomiasisPriscilla Masamba0Abidemi Paul Kappo1Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaMolecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaThe host–parasite schistosome relationship relies heavily on the interplay between the strategies imposed by the schistosome worm and the defense mechanisms the host uses to counter the line of attack of the parasite. The ultimate goal of the schistosome parasite entails five important steps: evade elimination tactics, survive within the human host, develop into adult forms, propagate in large numbers, and transmit from one host to the next. The aim of the parasitized host on the other hand is either to cure or limit infection. Therefore, it is a battle between two conflicting aspirations. From the host’s standpoint, infection accompanies a plethora of immunological consequences; some are set in place to defend the host, while most end up promoting chronic disease, which ultimately crosses paths with oxidative stress and cancer. Understanding these networks provides attractive opportunities for anti-schistosome therapeutic development. Hence, this review discusses the mechanisms by which schistosomes modulate the human immune response with ultimate links to oxidative stress and genetic instability.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7216cytokinesdendritic cellseosinophilsgranulomamacrophagesschistosomiasis |
| spellingShingle | Priscilla Masamba Abidemi Paul Kappo Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis International Journal of Molecular Sciences cytokines dendritic cells eosinophils granuloma macrophages schistosomiasis |
| title | Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis |
| title_full | Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis |
| title_fullStr | Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis |
| title_short | Immunological and Biochemical Interplay between Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Schistosomiasis |
| title_sort | immunological and biochemical interplay between cytokines oxidative stress and schistosomiasis |
| topic | cytokines dendritic cells eosinophils granuloma macrophages schistosomiasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/7216 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT priscillamasamba immunologicalandbiochemicalinterplaybetweencytokinesoxidativestressandschistosomiasis AT abidemipaulkappo immunologicalandbiochemicalinterplaybetweencytokinesoxidativestressandschistosomiasis |