Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014
Background The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, which is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes, has been found to be associated with cognitive health, but these findings have not been validated in a repr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.028527 |
| _version_ | 1797810168769019904 |
|---|---|
| author | Jingkai Wei Hanzhang Xu Angela D. Liese Anwar T. Merchant Liang Wang Chih‐Hsiang Yang Matthew C. Lohman Monique J. Brown Tiansheng Wang Daniela B. Friedman |
| author_facet | Jingkai Wei Hanzhang Xu Angela D. Liese Anwar T. Merchant Liang Wang Chih‐Hsiang Yang Matthew C. Lohman Monique J. Brown Tiansheng Wang Daniela B. Friedman |
| author_sort | Jingkai Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, which is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes, has been found to be associated with cognitive health, but these findings have not been validated in a representative sample in the United States. We aimed to examine the associations of Framingham risk score with cognitive function among older adults in a nationally representative sample, as well as by race or ethnicity, education, and family income. Methods and Results A total of 2254 older adults ≥60 years (57% female, 79% non‐Hispanic White) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 were included in the final sample for analysis. All components of the Framingham risk score were obtained with questionnaire or measured in the laboratory. Cognitive function was examined using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word List Memory Task (immediate and delayed memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Animal Fluency Test. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations between Framingham risk score and test‐specific and global cognition Z scores. Each incremental 5% in Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk was associated with lower Z scores for Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β=−0.06 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.03]), delayed memory (β=−0.05 [95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01]), immediate memory (β=−0.07 [95% CI, −0.10 to −0.03]), and global cognition (β=−0.05 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.02]). Socioeconomic status, particularly race or ethnicity and monthly income levels, were strong effect measure modifiers of the associations. Conclusions Lower cardiovascular risk factors are associated with better cognitive function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:04:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2400ffbad55644a0b3ec0557cdde7873 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:04:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-2400ffbad55644a0b3ec0557cdde78732023-06-06T12:15:47ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802023-06-01121110.1161/JAHA.122.028527Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014Jingkai Wei0Hanzhang Xu1Angela D. Liese2Anwar T. Merchant3Liang Wang4Chih‐Hsiang Yang5Matthew C. Lohman6Monique J. Brown7Tiansheng Wang8Daniela B. Friedman9Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine Duke University Durham SC USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences Baylor University Waco TX USAOffice for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USADepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USAOffice for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina Columbia SC USABackground The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, which is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes, has been found to be associated with cognitive health, but these findings have not been validated in a representative sample in the United States. We aimed to examine the associations of Framingham risk score with cognitive function among older adults in a nationally representative sample, as well as by race or ethnicity, education, and family income. Methods and Results A total of 2254 older adults ≥60 years (57% female, 79% non‐Hispanic White) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 were included in the final sample for analysis. All components of the Framingham risk score were obtained with questionnaire or measured in the laboratory. Cognitive function was examined using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word List Memory Task (immediate and delayed memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Animal Fluency Test. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations between Framingham risk score and test‐specific and global cognition Z scores. Each incremental 5% in Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk was associated with lower Z scores for Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β=−0.06 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.03]), delayed memory (β=−0.05 [95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01]), immediate memory (β=−0.07 [95% CI, −0.10 to −0.03]), and global cognition (β=−0.05 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.02]). Socioeconomic status, particularly race or ethnicity and monthly income levels, were strong effect measure modifiers of the associations. Conclusions Lower cardiovascular risk factors are associated with better cognitive function.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.028527agingcognitionFramingham risk scoreNHANES |
| spellingShingle | Jingkai Wei Hanzhang Xu Angela D. Liese Anwar T. Merchant Liang Wang Chih‐Hsiang Yang Matthew C. Lohman Monique J. Brown Tiansheng Wang Daniela B. Friedman Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease aging cognition Framingham risk score NHANES |
| title | Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 |
| title_full | Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 |
| title_fullStr | Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 |
| title_short | Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 |
| title_sort | ten year cardiovascular disease risk score and cognitive function among older adults the national health and nutrition examination survey 2011 to 2014 |
| topic | aging cognition Framingham risk score NHANES |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.028527 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingkaiwei tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT hanzhangxu tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT angeladliese tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT anwartmerchant tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT liangwang tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT chihhsiangyang tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT matthewclohman tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT moniquejbrown tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT tianshengwang tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 AT danielabfriedman tenyearcardiovasculardiseaseriskscoreandcognitivefunctionamongolderadultsthenationalhealthandnutritionexaminationsurvey2011to2014 |