Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study)
Purpose: The present randomized-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of Kangen water and reverse osmosis (RO) water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and methods: This randomized control trial was conducted for 14 days on 24 randomly sele...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
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| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/9/1257 |
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| author | Ananta Kusumakar Zainab Akram Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar Sachin Kumar Jadhav Harloveen Sabharwal Savitha Priyadarsini S Naveen Kumar PG |
| author_facet | Ananta Kusumakar Zainab Akram Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar Sachin Kumar Jadhav Harloveen Sabharwal Savitha Priyadarsini S Naveen Kumar PG |
| author_sort | Ananta Kusumakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: The present randomized-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of Kangen water and reverse osmosis (RO) water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and methods: This randomized control trial was conducted for 14 days on 24 randomly selected participants from the pool of undergraduate dental students. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of 12 each: the Kangen water (pH 9) group and the RO water group. Participants in each group were asked to drink allocated water for 7 days. Dental plaque, salivary pH and microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed after 7 and 14 days. Results: Intragroup comparison showed that all three outcomes showed a significant improvement in the Kangen water group after 14 days, whereas no difference was seen in the RO water group. Intergroup comparison showed a significant difference in plaque score and CFU among the two groups after 7 and 14 days, whereas pH between the two groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusions: Regular drinking of alkaline Kangen water with pH 9 was found to be effective in reducing plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans count when compared to RO water.
HIGHLIGHTS
This is the first study where long-term usage of Kangen water for drinking purposes has been evaluated instead of use as a mouthwash.;
Kangen water has been compared with RO water which is used for drinking purposes on a daily basis.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:48:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24025078352148ac8765ab90dd865ebf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:48:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-24025078352148ac8765ab90dd865ebf2023-10-11T15:20:17ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292023-09-012191257126310.2166/wh.2023.143143Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study)Ananta Kusumakar0Zainab Akram1Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar2Sachin Kumar Jadhav3Harloveen Sabharwal4Savitha Priyadarsini S5Naveen Kumar PG6 Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Unit of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Purpose: The present randomized-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of Kangen water and reverse osmosis (RO) water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans count. Materials and methods: This randomized control trial was conducted for 14 days on 24 randomly selected participants from the pool of undergraduate dental students. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of 12 each: the Kangen water (pH 9) group and the RO water group. Participants in each group were asked to drink allocated water for 7 days. Dental plaque, salivary pH and microbial colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed after 7 and 14 days. Results: Intragroup comparison showed that all three outcomes showed a significant improvement in the Kangen water group after 14 days, whereas no difference was seen in the RO water group. Intergroup comparison showed a significant difference in plaque score and CFU among the two groups after 7 and 14 days, whereas pH between the two groups did not show a significant difference. Conclusions: Regular drinking of alkaline Kangen water with pH 9 was found to be effective in reducing plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans count when compared to RO water. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first study where long-term usage of Kangen water for drinking purposes has been evaluated instead of use as a mouthwash.; Kangen water has been compared with RO water which is used for drinking purposes on a daily basis.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/9/1257alkaline waterkangen watersalivary phsalivary plaque |
| spellingShingle | Ananta Kusumakar Zainab Akram Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar Sachin Kumar Jadhav Harloveen Sabharwal Savitha Priyadarsini S Naveen Kumar PG Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) Journal of Water and Health alkaline water kangen water salivary ph salivary plaque |
| title | Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) |
| title_full | Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) |
| title_short | Effect of Kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque, salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus mutans counts: a randomized-controlled trial (A preliminary study) |
| title_sort | effect of kangen and reverse osmosis water on dental plaque salivary ph and salivary streptococcus mutans counts a randomized controlled trial a preliminary study |
| topic | alkaline water kangen water salivary ph salivary plaque |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/9/1257 |
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