Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support
The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective trauma that is threatening citizens' mental health resulting in increased emotional stress, reduced social support, and heightened risk for affective symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal pandemic-related emotional stress...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716488/full |
| _version_ | 1818731539730530304 |
|---|---|
| author | Serena Grumi Livio Provenzi Patrizia Accorsi Giacomo Biasucci Anna Cavallini Lidia Decembrino Rossana Falcone Elisa Maria Fazzi Elisa Maria Fazzi Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Roberta Giacchero Paola Guerini Elena Grossi Maria Luisa Magnani Eloisa Maria Mariani Renata Nacinovich Renata Nacinovich Dario Pantaleo Camilla Pisoni Federico Prefumo Federico Prefumo Caterina Sabatini Barbara Scelsa Maria Valentina Spartà Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo Roberto Giorda Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Renato Borgatti Renato Borgatti |
| author_facet | Serena Grumi Livio Provenzi Patrizia Accorsi Giacomo Biasucci Anna Cavallini Lidia Decembrino Rossana Falcone Elisa Maria Fazzi Elisa Maria Fazzi Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Roberta Giacchero Paola Guerini Elena Grossi Maria Luisa Magnani Eloisa Maria Mariani Renata Nacinovich Renata Nacinovich Dario Pantaleo Camilla Pisoni Federico Prefumo Federico Prefumo Caterina Sabatini Barbara Scelsa Maria Valentina Spartà Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo Roberto Giorda Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Renato Borgatti Renato Borgatti |
| author_sort | Serena Grumi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective trauma that is threatening citizens' mental health resulting in increased emotional stress, reduced social support, and heightened risk for affective symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal pandemic-related emotional stress and perceived social support on the symptoms of depression and anxiety of mothers who were pregnant during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy. A sample of 281 mothers was enrolled at eight maternity units in the first hotspot region of the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy. Participants filled out online questionnaires assessing the direct or indirect exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, pandemic-related stress, perceived social support, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depressive and anxious symptomatology was above clinical concern, respectively, in 26 and 32% of the respondents. Mothers who reported no exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and those who reported at least one direct or indirect exposure did not differ in terms of affective symptoms. Continuous scores and risk for severe depression and anxiety were positively associated with prenatal pandemic-related emotional stress and negatively linked with perceived social support during pregnancy. Women who become mothers during the COVID-19 emergency may be at high risk for affective problems. Dedicated preventive programs are needed to provide adequate preventive support and care for maternal mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:19:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2404393e062d4fb081238bfdde7b8288 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:19:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-2404393e062d4fb081238bfdde7b82882022-12-21T21:28:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402021-09-011210.3389/fpsyt.2021.716488716488Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social SupportSerena Grumi0Livio Provenzi1Patrizia Accorsi2Giacomo Biasucci3Anna Cavallini4Lidia Decembrino5Rossana Falcone6Elisa Maria Fazzi7Elisa Maria Fazzi8Barbara Gardella9Barbara Gardella10Roberta Giacchero11Paola Guerini12Elena Grossi13Maria Luisa Magnani14Eloisa Maria Mariani15Renata Nacinovich16Renata Nacinovich17Dario Pantaleo18Camilla Pisoni19Federico Prefumo20Federico Prefumo21Caterina Sabatini22Barbara Scelsa23Maria Valentina Spartà24Arsenio Spinillo25Arsenio Spinillo26Roberto Giorda27Simona Orcesi28Simona Orcesi29Renato Borgatti30Renato Borgatti31Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyChild Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyUnit of Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, ItalyPediatrics & Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, ItalyChild and Adolescent Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, ItalyPediatric Unit and Neonatal Unit, ASST Pavia, Pavia, ItalyPediatric Unit and Neonatal Unit, ASST Pavia, Pavia, ItalyUnit of Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, ASST Lodi, Lodi, ItalyPediatric Unit and Neonatal Unit, ASST Pavia, Pavia, ItalyPediatrics & Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, ItalyPediatric Unit and Neonatal Unit, ASST Pavia, Pavia, ItalyChild and Adolescent Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, ItalyChild and Adolescent Mental Health, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy0School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Università Bicocca, Milan, ItalyPediatric Unit and Neonatal Unit, ASST Pavia, Pavia, Italy1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyUnit of Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy2Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, ASST Lodi, Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy3Biology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, ItalyChild Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyChild Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyThe COVID-19 pandemic is a collective trauma that is threatening citizens' mental health resulting in increased emotional stress, reduced social support, and heightened risk for affective symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal pandemic-related emotional stress and perceived social support on the symptoms of depression and anxiety of mothers who were pregnant during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy. A sample of 281 mothers was enrolled at eight maternity units in the first hotspot region of the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy. Participants filled out online questionnaires assessing the direct or indirect exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, pandemic-related stress, perceived social support, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depressive and anxious symptomatology was above clinical concern, respectively, in 26 and 32% of the respondents. Mothers who reported no exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and those who reported at least one direct or indirect exposure did not differ in terms of affective symptoms. Continuous scores and risk for severe depression and anxiety were positively associated with prenatal pandemic-related emotional stress and negatively linked with perceived social support during pregnancy. Women who become mothers during the COVID-19 emergency may be at high risk for affective problems. Dedicated preventive programs are needed to provide adequate preventive support and care for maternal mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716488/fullCOVID- 19motherssocial supportstressanxietydepression |
| spellingShingle | Serena Grumi Livio Provenzi Patrizia Accorsi Giacomo Biasucci Anna Cavallini Lidia Decembrino Rossana Falcone Elisa Maria Fazzi Elisa Maria Fazzi Barbara Gardella Barbara Gardella Roberta Giacchero Paola Guerini Elena Grossi Maria Luisa Magnani Eloisa Maria Mariani Renata Nacinovich Renata Nacinovich Dario Pantaleo Camilla Pisoni Federico Prefumo Federico Prefumo Caterina Sabatini Barbara Scelsa Maria Valentina Spartà Arsenio Spinillo Arsenio Spinillo Roberto Giorda Simona Orcesi Simona Orcesi Renato Borgatti Renato Borgatti Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support Frontiers in Psychiatry COVID- 19 mothers social support stress anxiety depression |
| title | Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support |
| title_full | Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support |
| title_fullStr | Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support |
| title_short | Depression and Anxiety in Mothers Who Were Pregnant During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: The Role of Pandemic-Related Emotional Stress and Perceived Social Support |
| title_sort | depression and anxiety in mothers who were pregnant during the covid 19 outbreak in northern italy the role of pandemic related emotional stress and perceived social support |
| topic | COVID- 19 mothers social support stress anxiety depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716488/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT serenagrumi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT livioprovenzi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT patriziaaccorsi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT giacomobiasucci depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT annacavallini depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT lidiadecembrino depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT rossanafalcone depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT elisamariafazzi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT elisamariafazzi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT barbaragardella depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT barbaragardella depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT robertagiacchero depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT paolaguerini depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT elenagrossi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT marialuisamagnani depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT eloisamariamariani depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT renatanacinovich depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT renatanacinovich depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT dariopantaleo depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT camillapisoni depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT federicoprefumo depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT federicoprefumo depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT caterinasabatini depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT barbarascelsa depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT mariavalentinasparta depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT arseniospinillo depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT arseniospinillo depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT robertogiorda depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT simonaorcesi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT simonaorcesi depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT renatoborgatti depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport AT renatoborgatti depressionandanxietyinmotherswhowerepregnantduringthecovid19outbreakinnorthernitalytheroleofpandemicrelatedemotionalstressandperceivedsocialsupport |