The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation
Projected climate change impacts, such as delayed rainfall and increased drought frequency, threaten rice cultivation and global food security. This study evaluated the effects of water scarcity at critical growth stages and biochar application on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yield, and soil heal...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Crop and Environment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X24000455 |
| _version_ | 1826575216539598848 |
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| author | Patikorn Sriphirom Rattapon Onchang Benjamas Rossopa Amnat Chidthaisong |
| author_facet | Patikorn Sriphirom Rattapon Onchang Benjamas Rossopa Amnat Chidthaisong |
| author_sort | Patikorn Sriphirom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Projected climate change impacts, such as delayed rainfall and increased drought frequency, threaten rice cultivation and global food security. This study evaluated the effects of water scarcity at critical growth stages and biochar application on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yield, and soil health in Central Thailand using the drought-tolerant cultivar Pathum Thani 1. Treatments included continuous flooding and water scarcity during tillering, reproductive, or both stages, with and without biochar, across wet and dry seasons. Water scarcity significantly reduced methane (CH4) emissions by inhibiting hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (Methanocella) and acetoclastic methanogenesis (GOM Arc I of Methanosarcinales) but increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions via enhanced nitrification. Despite higher N2O emissions, total GHG emissions, expressed as the global warming potential (GWP), were lower under water-scarce conditions than under continuous flooding, with reductions of 27.1%, 43.0%, and 58.1% during tillering, reproductive, and both stages, respectively. Water scarcity during tillering stage maintained yield, whereas water scarcity during reproductive stage caused a significant reduction in yield. Biochar amendment further mitigated GHG emissions, improved yield by 12.2%, and enhanced soil health by increasing soil pH, nutrient availability, and soil organic carbon sequestration. Its high porosity and surface area also suppressed methanogenesis and reduced N2O formation while improving nutrient use efficiency. The strategic use of water restrictions during tillering, combined with biochar, provides a sustainable approach to mitigate GHG emissions, optimize water use, and sustain soil health and productivity. In resource-limited scenarios, prioritizing tillering-stage water scarcity over biochar application is recommended because of its greater GHG mitigation potential. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-14T13:11:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24080c9bdeaf4768b431ff10801622cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2773-126X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T13:11:10Z |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crop and Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-24080c9bdeaf4768b431ff10801622cb2025-03-01T05:01:36ZengElsevierCrop and Environment2773-126X2025-03-01415771The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivationPatikorn Sriphirom0Rattapon Onchang1Benjamas Rossopa2Amnat Chidthaisong3Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Greenhouse Gas Unit for Sustainability (GGUS), Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Corresponding author.Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandPrachin Buri Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Prachin Buri 25000, ThailandThe Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), PERDO, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Earth System Science Research Cluster, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, ThailandProjected climate change impacts, such as delayed rainfall and increased drought frequency, threaten rice cultivation and global food security. This study evaluated the effects of water scarcity at critical growth stages and biochar application on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yield, and soil health in Central Thailand using the drought-tolerant cultivar Pathum Thani 1. Treatments included continuous flooding and water scarcity during tillering, reproductive, or both stages, with and without biochar, across wet and dry seasons. Water scarcity significantly reduced methane (CH4) emissions by inhibiting hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (Methanocella) and acetoclastic methanogenesis (GOM Arc I of Methanosarcinales) but increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions via enhanced nitrification. Despite higher N2O emissions, total GHG emissions, expressed as the global warming potential (GWP), were lower under water-scarce conditions than under continuous flooding, with reductions of 27.1%, 43.0%, and 58.1% during tillering, reproductive, and both stages, respectively. Water scarcity during tillering stage maintained yield, whereas water scarcity during reproductive stage caused a significant reduction in yield. Biochar amendment further mitigated GHG emissions, improved yield by 12.2%, and enhanced soil health by increasing soil pH, nutrient availability, and soil organic carbon sequestration. Its high porosity and surface area also suppressed methanogenesis and reduced N2O formation while improving nutrient use efficiency. The strategic use of water restrictions during tillering, combined with biochar, provides a sustainable approach to mitigate GHG emissions, optimize water use, and sustain soil health and productivity. In resource-limited scenarios, prioritizing tillering-stage water scarcity over biochar application is recommended because of its greater GHG mitigation potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X24000455Biochar amendmentGrain yieldGreenhouse gas emissionsRiceSoil healthWater scarcity |
| spellingShingle | Patikorn Sriphirom Rattapon Onchang Benjamas Rossopa Amnat Chidthaisong The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation Crop and Environment Biochar amendment Grain yield Greenhouse gas emissions Rice Soil health Water scarcity |
| title | The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| title_full | The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| title_fullStr | The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| title_short | The response of greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| title_sort | response of greenhouse gas emissions crop yield and soil health to water scarcity and biochar application in rice cultivation |
| topic | Biochar amendment Grain yield Greenhouse gas emissions Rice Soil health Water scarcity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X24000455 |
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