Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology
Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening disease, was first reported in the US in 2005. Since then, the disease has decimated the citrus industry in Florida, resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses and the destruction of thousands of acres of citrus groves. The causative ag...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/11240 |
| _version_ | 1797514325067300864 |
|---|---|
| author | Ian M. Black Christian Heiss Mukesh Jain Artur Muszyński Russell W. Carlson Dean W. Gabriel Parastoo Azadi |
| author_facet | Ian M. Black Christian Heiss Mukesh Jain Artur Muszyński Russell W. Carlson Dean W. Gabriel Parastoo Azadi |
| author_sort | Ian M. Black |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening disease, was first reported in the US in 2005. Since then, the disease has decimated the citrus industry in Florida, resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses and the destruction of thousands of acres of citrus groves. The causative agent of citrus greening disease is the phloem limited pathogen <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus. As it has not been cultured, very little is known about the structural biology of the organism. <i>Liberibacter</i> are part of the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family, which includes nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes as well as the <i>Agrobacterium</i> plant pathogens. To better understand the <i>Liberibacter</i> genus, a closely related culturable bacterium (<i>Liberibacter crescens</i> or Lcr) has attracted attention as a model organism for structural and functional genomics of Liberibacters. Given that the structure of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria plays a crucial role in mediating host-pathogen interactions, we sought to characterize the LPS from Lcr. We found that the major lipid A component of the LPS consisted of a pentaacylated molecule with a β-6-GlcN disaccharide backbone lacking phosphate. The polysaccharide portion of the LPS was unusual compared to previously described members of the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family in that it contained ribofuranosyl residues. The LPS structure presented here allows us to extrapolate known LPS structure/function relationships to members of the <i>Liberibacter</i> genus which cannot yet be cultured. It also offers insights into the biology of the organism and how they manage to effectively attack citrus trees. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:29:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2413e478b636471ab16c070fefb94cc8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:29:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2413e478b636471ab16c070fefb94cc82023-11-22T18:36:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122201124010.3390/ijms222011240Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter BiologyIan M. Black0Christian Heiss1Mukesh Jain2Artur Muszyński3Russell W. Carlson4Dean W. Gabriel5Parastoo Azadi6Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAHuanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening disease, was first reported in the US in 2005. Since then, the disease has decimated the citrus industry in Florida, resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses and the destruction of thousands of acres of citrus groves. The causative agent of citrus greening disease is the phloem limited pathogen <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus. As it has not been cultured, very little is known about the structural biology of the organism. <i>Liberibacter</i> are part of the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family, which includes nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes as well as the <i>Agrobacterium</i> plant pathogens. To better understand the <i>Liberibacter</i> genus, a closely related culturable bacterium (<i>Liberibacter crescens</i> or Lcr) has attracted attention as a model organism for structural and functional genomics of Liberibacters. Given that the structure of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria plays a crucial role in mediating host-pathogen interactions, we sought to characterize the LPS from Lcr. We found that the major lipid A component of the LPS consisted of a pentaacylated molecule with a β-6-GlcN disaccharide backbone lacking phosphate. The polysaccharide portion of the LPS was unusual compared to previously described members of the <i>Rhizobiaceae</i> family in that it contained ribofuranosyl residues. The LPS structure presented here allows us to extrapolate known LPS structure/function relationships to members of the <i>Liberibacter</i> genus which cannot yet be cultured. It also offers insights into the biology of the organism and how they manage to effectively attack citrus trees.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/11240lipopolysaccharidelipid Anuclear magnetic resonanceGram-negative bacteriabacterial pathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Ian M. Black Christian Heiss Mukesh Jain Artur Muszyński Russell W. Carlson Dean W. Gabriel Parastoo Azadi Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology International Journal of Molecular Sciences lipopolysaccharide lipid A nuclear magnetic resonance Gram-negative bacteria bacterial pathogenesis |
| title | Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology |
| title_full | Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology |
| title_fullStr | Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology |
| title_short | Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter Biology |
| title_sort | structure of lipopolysaccharide from i liberibacter crescens i is low molecular weight and offers insight into i candidatus i liberibacter biology |
| topic | lipopolysaccharide lipid A nuclear magnetic resonance Gram-negative bacteria bacterial pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/11240 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ianmblack structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT christianheiss structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT mukeshjain structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT arturmuszynski structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT russellwcarlson structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT deanwgabriel structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology AT parastooazadi structureoflipopolysaccharidefromiliberibactercrescensiislowmolecularweightandoffersinsightintoicandidatusiliberibacterbiology |