Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China
Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hill...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/681 |
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| author | Guohui Shen Xin Ru Yanting Gu Wei Liu Kunzhen Wang Baiyi Li Yanzhi Guo Juan Han |
| author_facet | Guohui Shen Xin Ru Yanting Gu Wei Liu Kunzhen Wang Baiyi Li Yanzhi Guo Juan Han |
| author_sort | Guohui Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the single factor index, Nemerow index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor index, and potential ecological risk indices, which are mainly used to assess the contamination and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. The sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Finally, geostatistical methods were used to map the heavy metal contamination of farmland soils. An average concentration of all heavy metals (except As) in farmland soils of the study area exceeded the corresponding background values, as indicated by the obtained results. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the heavy metal sources in the soils of the study area can be classified into two groups. The five pollutant index methods all showed the most serious Hg pollution in the study area. The integrated pollutant mapping results showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the study area was mostly moderate, except for the western and central parts of the region. This study enhances understanding of the pollution levers of heavy metals in Yiyuan farmland soils, and also can facilitate the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants at the primary stage of the food chain and assess the risk of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in food, thus improving the health of the residents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:43:34Z |
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| id | doaj.art-24298684fad9495b90cfb298ef4859bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:43:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-24298684fad9495b90cfb298ef4859bd2023-11-16T16:42:49ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-02-0112368110.3390/foods12030681Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in ChinaGuohui Shen0Xin Ru1Yanting Gu2Wei Liu3Kunzhen Wang4Baiyi Li5Yanzhi Guo6Juan Han7Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaNorth China Geological Prospecting and Ecological Resources Monitoring Center (Hebei), Chengde 067000, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Research Management, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, ChinaHeavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the single factor index, Nemerow index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor index, and potential ecological risk indices, which are mainly used to assess the contamination and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. The sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Finally, geostatistical methods were used to map the heavy metal contamination of farmland soils. An average concentration of all heavy metals (except As) in farmland soils of the study area exceeded the corresponding background values, as indicated by the obtained results. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the heavy metal sources in the soils of the study area can be classified into two groups. The five pollutant index methods all showed the most serious Hg pollution in the study area. The integrated pollutant mapping results showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the study area was mostly moderate, except for the western and central parts of the region. This study enhances understanding of the pollution levers of heavy metals in Yiyuan farmland soils, and also can facilitate the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants at the primary stage of the food chain and assess the risk of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in food, thus improving the health of the residents.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/681ecological riskenrichment factorgeo-accumulation indexgeostatistical analysisNemerow indexprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Guohui Shen Xin Ru Yanting Gu Wei Liu Kunzhen Wang Baiyi Li Yanzhi Guo Juan Han Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China Foods ecological risk enrichment factor geo-accumulation index geostatistical analysis Nemerow index principal component analysis |
| title | Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China |
| title_full | Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China |
| title_fullStr | Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China |
| title_short | Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China |
| title_sort | pollution characteristics spatial distribution and evaluation of heavy metal loid s in farmland soils in a typical mountainous hilly area in china |
| topic | ecological risk enrichment factor geo-accumulation index geostatistical analysis Nemerow index principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/681 |
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