Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients
Burn injuries and their treatment are extremely painful. This study aimed to determine whether virtual reality (VR) could reduce pain during robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in burn patients by analyzing the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex over time using functional near-infrar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3762 |
| _version_ | 1797408831211307008 |
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| author | Seung Yeol Lee Jeong Yeon Cha Ji Won Yoo Matheu Nazareno Yoon Soo Cho So Young Joo Cheong Hoon Seo |
| author_facet | Seung Yeol Lee Jeong Yeon Cha Ji Won Yoo Matheu Nazareno Yoon Soo Cho So Young Joo Cheong Hoon Seo |
| author_sort | Seung Yeol Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Burn injuries and their treatment are extremely painful. This study aimed to determine whether virtual reality (VR) could reduce pain during robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in burn patients by analyzing the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex over time using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The patients included in this study complained of a pain score ≥5 on a visual analog scale (VAS) during RAGT, which was performed 10 times for 2 weeks. Each session consisted of 15 min of VR application, with a 2-min break, and 15 min without VR. The average values of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex on fNIRS were calculated at four stages: temporal delay time with only RAGT, RAGT without VR, temporal delay time with RAGT and VR, and RAGT with VR. The pain scores and CBF were evaluated in sessions 1, 5, and 10 of the RAGT. The mean VAS pain scores were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the experimental condition than in the control condition. Oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal lobe significantly increased when RAGT was performed with VR. In conclusion, VR may be a strong nonpharmacological pain reduction technique for burn patients during physical therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:04:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2442352e51ca4904a6b7a0f9a4cffcd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:04:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-2442352e51ca4904a6b7a0f9a4cffcd12023-12-03T14:08:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-06-011113376210.3390/jcm11133762Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn PatientsSeung Yeol Lee0Jeong Yeon Cha1Ji Won Yoo2Matheu Nazareno3Yoon Soo Cho4So Young Joo5Cheong Hoon Seo6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon 14158, KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USASchool of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USADepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, KoreaBurn injuries and their treatment are extremely painful. This study aimed to determine whether virtual reality (VR) could reduce pain during robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in burn patients by analyzing the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex over time using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The patients included in this study complained of a pain score ≥5 on a visual analog scale (VAS) during RAGT, which was performed 10 times for 2 weeks. Each session consisted of 15 min of VR application, with a 2-min break, and 15 min without VR. The average values of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex on fNIRS were calculated at four stages: temporal delay time with only RAGT, RAGT without VR, temporal delay time with RAGT and VR, and RAGT with VR. The pain scores and CBF were evaluated in sessions 1, 5, and 10 of the RAGT. The mean VAS pain scores were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the experimental condition than in the control condition. Oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal lobe significantly increased when RAGT was performed with VR. In conclusion, VR may be a strong nonpharmacological pain reduction technique for burn patients during physical therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3762burn painvirtual realityrobot-assisted gait training |
| spellingShingle | Seung Yeol Lee Jeong Yeon Cha Ji Won Yoo Matheu Nazareno Yoon Soo Cho So Young Joo Cheong Hoon Seo Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients Journal of Clinical Medicine burn pain virtual reality robot-assisted gait training |
| title | Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients |
| title_full | Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients |
| title_short | Effect of the Application of Virtual Reality on Pain Reduction and Cerebral Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Burn Patients |
| title_sort | effect of the application of virtual reality on pain reduction and cerebral blood flow in robot assisted gait training in burn patients |
| topic | burn pain virtual reality robot-assisted gait training |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3762 |
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