Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains
Precipitation is one of the most important climatological data for global hydrothermal cycle and climate change. The accuracy of precipitation data not only directly affects the hydrological processes, but also plays an important role in the climate and hydrology at regional and global scales. Accor...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1115299/full |
| _version_ | 1797871419349008384 |
|---|---|
| author | Yufeng Jia Zhongqin Li Zhongqin Li Feiteng Wang Puchen Chen |
| author_facet | Yufeng Jia Zhongqin Li Zhongqin Li Feiteng Wang Puchen Chen |
| author_sort | Yufeng Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Precipitation is one of the most important climatological data for global hydrothermal cycle and climate change. The accuracy of precipitation data not only directly affects the hydrological processes, but also plays an important role in the climate and hydrology at regional and global scales. According to the in situ datasets, the precipitation measurement in automatic weather stations for Geonor T-200B was corrected by the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE) transfer functions. The parameters of transfer functions were tested and recalibrated by the local datasets. The results showed that the transfer functions showed better performance after recalibrating parameters by the local datasets. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias decreased by an average of 34% and 42%, respectively. The corrected snowfall increased by 7% (14 mm) at the test station. Then, the new parameters were used in other automatic weather stations to correct precipitation, and it was found that solid precipitation was underestimated by 13% on the glacier surface affected by wind speed. Moreover, according to the corrected precipitation datasets observed in automatic weather stations and national meteorological stations, the precipitation–altitude relationship in the Urumqi River Basin was analyzed. The annual precipitation gradient was 115 mm km-1, and the maximum seasonal altitude occurred in summer with a value of 35 mm km-1 and in autumn with the lowest value of 1 mm km-1. When considering precipitation on the glacier surface, the yearly precipitation gradient was increased with the value of 158 mm km -1 in 2019. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:43:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24480b93f72244fc85e851266efb3169 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:43:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-24480b93f72244fc85e851266efb31692023-03-14T04:48:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632023-03-011110.3389/feart.2023.11152991115299Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan MountainsYufeng Jia0Zhongqin Li1Zhongqin Li2Feiteng Wang3Puchen Chen4College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tian Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tian Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, ChinaCollege of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, ChinaPrecipitation is one of the most important climatological data for global hydrothermal cycle and climate change. The accuracy of precipitation data not only directly affects the hydrological processes, but also plays an important role in the climate and hydrology at regional and global scales. According to the in situ datasets, the precipitation measurement in automatic weather stations for Geonor T-200B was corrected by the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE) transfer functions. The parameters of transfer functions were tested and recalibrated by the local datasets. The results showed that the transfer functions showed better performance after recalibrating parameters by the local datasets. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias decreased by an average of 34% and 42%, respectively. The corrected snowfall increased by 7% (14 mm) at the test station. Then, the new parameters were used in other automatic weather stations to correct precipitation, and it was found that solid precipitation was underestimated by 13% on the glacier surface affected by wind speed. Moreover, according to the corrected precipitation datasets observed in automatic weather stations and national meteorological stations, the precipitation–altitude relationship in the Urumqi River Basin was analyzed. The annual precipitation gradient was 115 mm km-1, and the maximum seasonal altitude occurred in summer with a value of 35 mm km-1 and in autumn with the lowest value of 1 mm km-1. When considering precipitation on the glacier surface, the yearly precipitation gradient was increased with the value of 158 mm km -1 in 2019.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1115299/fullglacierized basinprecipitation measurementautomatic weather stationsprecipitation gradientweighing precipitation gauges |
| spellingShingle | Yufeng Jia Zhongqin Li Zhongqin Li Feiteng Wang Puchen Chen Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains Frontiers in Earth Science glacierized basin precipitation measurement automatic weather stations precipitation gradient weighing precipitation gauges |
| title | Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains |
| title_full | Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains |
| title_fullStr | Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains |
| title_short | Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains |
| title_sort | correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the tianshan mountains |
| topic | glacierized basin precipitation measurement automatic weather stations precipitation gradient weighing precipitation gauges |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1115299/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yufengjia correctionofprecipitationmeasurementforweighingprecipitationgaugesinaglacierizedbasininthetianshanmountains AT zhongqinli correctionofprecipitationmeasurementforweighingprecipitationgaugesinaglacierizedbasininthetianshanmountains AT zhongqinli correctionofprecipitationmeasurementforweighingprecipitationgaugesinaglacierizedbasininthetianshanmountains AT feitengwang correctionofprecipitationmeasurementforweighingprecipitationgaugesinaglacierizedbasininthetianshanmountains AT puchenchen correctionofprecipitationmeasurementforweighingprecipitationgaugesinaglacierizedbasininthetianshanmountains |