Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine
Ethanol has significant potential for the reduction of fuel consumption and the emissions of engines. In this paper, a dual-fuel combined engine test rig with ethanol injected in the intake port and gasoline injected directly into the cylinder are developed and the effects of ethanol/gasoline ratio...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1788 |
| _version_ | 1818040832986447872 |
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| author | Ping Sun Ze Liu Wei Dong Song Yang |
| author_facet | Ping Sun Ze Liu Wei Dong Song Yang |
| author_sort | Ping Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ethanol has significant potential for the reduction of fuel consumption and the emissions of engines. In this paper, a dual-fuel combined engine test rig with ethanol injected in the intake port and gasoline injected directly into the cylinder are developed and the effects of ethanol/gasoline ratio (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i>) on the combustion and emission of particle numbers are investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the peak in-cylinder temperature (<i>T<sub>max</sub></i>) decreases continuously with the increase of the ethanol/gasoline ratio (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i>). For particle emissions, ethanol can significantly reduce the accumulation mode particle number (APN) at low engine speed; and the lowest number of particulates are at G25 (the gasoline ratio is 25% of the fuel) at low load. And at high engine load, the total particle number (TPN) is insensitive to speed with large ethanol fraction and TPN is relatively small. With the decrease of <i>R<sub>e</sub></i> (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i> < 50%), TPN rises sharply. When the direct injection timing advances, TPN reduces continuously and the effects caused by speed can be neglected. On the contrary, the speed has significant effects on particle emissions at various ignition times. At low speed, increasing ignition advance can cause the increase of the TPN; which is contrary to the effects of particle emissions at medium engine speed. And the effect of ignition timing at high speed on particle number is not obvious. The ignition timing for which the lowest TPN is reached will increase with the direct injection timing advances. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:20:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24561c5cb55c465f9511b0e26ed572bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:20:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-24561c5cb55c465f9511b0e26ed572bb2022-12-22T01:56:21ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-05-01129178810.3390/en12091788en12091788Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection EnginePing Sun0Ze Liu1Wei Dong2Song Yang3State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaMechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaEthanol has significant potential for the reduction of fuel consumption and the emissions of engines. In this paper, a dual-fuel combined engine test rig with ethanol injected in the intake port and gasoline injected directly into the cylinder are developed and the effects of ethanol/gasoline ratio (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i>) on the combustion and emission of particle numbers are investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the peak in-cylinder temperature (<i>T<sub>max</sub></i>) decreases continuously with the increase of the ethanol/gasoline ratio (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i>). For particle emissions, ethanol can significantly reduce the accumulation mode particle number (APN) at low engine speed; and the lowest number of particulates are at G25 (the gasoline ratio is 25% of the fuel) at low load. And at high engine load, the total particle number (TPN) is insensitive to speed with large ethanol fraction and TPN is relatively small. With the decrease of <i>R<sub>e</sub></i> (<i>R<sub>e</sub></i> < 50%), TPN rises sharply. When the direct injection timing advances, TPN reduces continuously and the effects caused by speed can be neglected. On the contrary, the speed has significant effects on particle emissions at various ignition times. At low speed, increasing ignition advance can cause the increase of the TPN; which is contrary to the effects of particle emissions at medium engine speed. And the effect of ignition timing at high speed on particle number is not obvious. The ignition timing for which the lowest TPN is reached will increase with the direct injection timing advances.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1788ethanol/gasolinedual-fuel enginecombined injectionparticle number emissions |
| spellingShingle | Ping Sun Ze Liu Wei Dong Song Yang Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine Energies ethanol/gasoline dual-fuel engine combined injection particle number emissions |
| title | Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine |
| title_full | Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine |
| title_short | Comparative Study on the Effects of Ethanol Proportion on the Particle Numbers Emissions in a Combined Injection Engine |
| title_sort | comparative study on the effects of ethanol proportion on the particle numbers emissions in a combined injection engine |
| topic | ethanol/gasoline dual-fuel engine combined injection particle number emissions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1788 |
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