Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over.
Studies from the UK and North America have reported vitamin C deficiency in around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 9 women in low income groups. There are few data on vitamin C deficiency in resource poor countries.To investigate the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in India.We carried out a population-based...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3232233?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819064924526084096 |
|---|---|
| author | Ravilla D Ravindran Praveen Vashist Sanjeev K Gupta Ian S Young Giovanni Maraini Monica Camparini R Jayanthi Neena John Kathryn E Fitzpatrick Usha Chakravarthy Thulasiraj D Ravilla Astrid E Fletcher |
| author_facet | Ravilla D Ravindran Praveen Vashist Sanjeev K Gupta Ian S Young Giovanni Maraini Monica Camparini R Jayanthi Neena John Kathryn E Fitzpatrick Usha Chakravarthy Thulasiraj D Ravilla Astrid E Fletcher |
| author_sort | Ravilla D Ravindran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies from the UK and North America have reported vitamin C deficiency in around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 9 women in low income groups. There are few data on vitamin C deficiency in resource poor countries.To investigate the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in India.We carried out a population-based cross-sectional survey in two areas of north and south India. Randomly sampled clusters were enumerated to identify people aged 60 and over. Participants (75% response rate) were interviewed for tobacco, alcohol, cooking fuel use, 24 hour diet recall and underwent anthropometry and blood collection. Vitamin C was measured using an enzyme-based assay in plasma stabilized with metaphosphoric acid. We categorised vitamin C status as deficient (<11 µmol/L), sub-optimal (11-28 µmol/L) and adequate (>28 µmol/L). We investigated factors associated with vitamin C deficiency using multivariable Poisson regression.The age, sex and season standardized prevalence of vitamin C deficiency was 73.9% (95% confidence Interval, CI 70.4,77.5) in 2668 people in north India and 45.7% (95% CI 42.5,48.9) in 2970 from south India. Only 10.8% in the north and 25.9% in the south met the criteria for adequate levels. Vitamin C deficiency varied by season, and was more prevalent in men, with increasing age, users of tobacco and biomass fuels, in those with anthropometric indicators of poor nutrition and with lower intakes of dietary vitamin C.In poor communities, such as in our study, consideration needs to be given to measures to improve the consumption of vitamin C rich foods and to discourage the use of tobacco. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:38:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-245760f3eb6248e6b76d11a5dbc25790 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:38:18Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-245760f3eb6248e6b76d11a5dbc257902022-12-21T18:58:34ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-01612e2858810.1371/journal.pone.0028588Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over.Ravilla D RavindranPraveen VashistSanjeev K GuptaIan S YoungGiovanni MarainiMonica CampariniR JayanthiNeena JohnKathryn E FitzpatrickUsha ChakravarthyThulasiraj D RavillaAstrid E FletcherStudies from the UK and North America have reported vitamin C deficiency in around 1 in 5 men and 1 in 9 women in low income groups. There are few data on vitamin C deficiency in resource poor countries.To investigate the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in India.We carried out a population-based cross-sectional survey in two areas of north and south India. Randomly sampled clusters were enumerated to identify people aged 60 and over. Participants (75% response rate) were interviewed for tobacco, alcohol, cooking fuel use, 24 hour diet recall and underwent anthropometry and blood collection. Vitamin C was measured using an enzyme-based assay in plasma stabilized with metaphosphoric acid. We categorised vitamin C status as deficient (<11 µmol/L), sub-optimal (11-28 µmol/L) and adequate (>28 µmol/L). We investigated factors associated with vitamin C deficiency using multivariable Poisson regression.The age, sex and season standardized prevalence of vitamin C deficiency was 73.9% (95% confidence Interval, CI 70.4,77.5) in 2668 people in north India and 45.7% (95% CI 42.5,48.9) in 2970 from south India. Only 10.8% in the north and 25.9% in the south met the criteria for adequate levels. Vitamin C deficiency varied by season, and was more prevalent in men, with increasing age, users of tobacco and biomass fuels, in those with anthropometric indicators of poor nutrition and with lower intakes of dietary vitamin C.In poor communities, such as in our study, consideration needs to be given to measures to improve the consumption of vitamin C rich foods and to discourage the use of tobacco.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3232233?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Ravilla D Ravindran Praveen Vashist Sanjeev K Gupta Ian S Young Giovanni Maraini Monica Camparini R Jayanthi Neena John Kathryn E Fitzpatrick Usha Chakravarthy Thulasiraj D Ravilla Astrid E Fletcher Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. PLoS ONE |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin C deficiency in north and south India: a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over. |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors for vitamin c deficiency in north and south india a two centre population based study in people aged 60 years and over |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3232233?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ravilladravindran prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT praveenvashist prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT sanjeevkgupta prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT iansyoung prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT giovannimaraini prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT monicacamparini prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT rjayanthi prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT neenajohn prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT kathrynefitzpatrick prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT ushachakravarthy prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT thulasirajdravilla prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover AT astridefletcher prevalenceandriskfactorsforvitamincdeficiencyinnorthandsouthindiaatwocentrepopulationbasedstudyinpeopleaged60yearsandover |