Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>)
Geographic variability in acoustic signals has been documented in many bird species. However, geographic variations in alarm calls have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on reducing risk to group members and relatives. We analyzed the note types and acoustic parameters of Japanese tit...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2342 |
| _version_ | 1797492010610851840 |
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| author | Li Zhang Jiangping Yu Chao Shen Dake Yin Longru Jin Wei Liang Haitao Wang |
| author_facet | Li Zhang Jiangping Yu Chao Shen Dake Yin Longru Jin Wei Liang Haitao Wang |
| author_sort | Li Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geographic variability in acoustic signals has been documented in many bird species. However, geographic variations in alarm calls have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on reducing risk to group members and relatives. We analyzed the note types and acoustic parameters of Japanese tit (<i>Parus minor</i>) alarm calls to three types of intruders (a nest predator, an adult predator, and a harmless species) from three populations in China. Our results revealed that tits in the same population produce similar note types to different intruders, but the three populations only shared six note types and each population had unique note types. The frequency and duration parameters of three shared common note types were significantly different among populations. The three populations belong to the same species, thus they have shared note types. We suspect that the unique note types occurring in each population may be related to three potential reasons: founder effect, predation pressure, and vocal learning. The differences in acoustic parameters of common notes among populations may be a consequence of adaptations to their environments. We suggest that population differences in the note levels of bird alarm calls do exist. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:56:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2459a05cc27f47d6bd4b6a35b2f99c09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:56:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2459a05cc27f47d6bd4b6a35b2f99c092023-11-23T14:41:22ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-09-011218234210.3390/ani12182342Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>)Li Zhang0Jiangping Yu1Chao Shen2Dake Yin3Longru Jin4Wei Liang5Haitao Wang6Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaJilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaJilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaJilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaJilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaGeographic variability in acoustic signals has been documented in many bird species. However, geographic variations in alarm calls have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on reducing risk to group members and relatives. We analyzed the note types and acoustic parameters of Japanese tit (<i>Parus minor</i>) alarm calls to three types of intruders (a nest predator, an adult predator, and a harmless species) from three populations in China. Our results revealed that tits in the same population produce similar note types to different intruders, but the three populations only shared six note types and each population had unique note types. The frequency and duration parameters of three shared common note types were significantly different among populations. The three populations belong to the same species, thus they have shared note types. We suspect that the unique note types occurring in each population may be related to three potential reasons: founder effect, predation pressure, and vocal learning. The differences in acoustic parameters of common notes among populations may be a consequence of adaptations to their environments. We suggest that population differences in the note levels of bird alarm calls do exist.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2342notebird alarm callsgeographic variationJapanese tits |
| spellingShingle | Li Zhang Jiangping Yu Chao Shen Dake Yin Longru Jin Wei Liang Haitao Wang Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) Animals note bird alarm calls geographic variation Japanese tits |
| title | Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) |
| title_full | Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) |
| title_short | Geographic Variation in Note Types of Alarm Calls in Japanese Tits (<i>Parus minor</i>) |
| title_sort | geographic variation in note types of alarm calls in japanese tits i parus minor i |
| topic | note bird alarm calls geographic variation Japanese tits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2342 |
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