Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)
The pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used to obtain protein extracts with antioxidant capacity from salmon muscle remains, heads, viscera, skin, and tailfins. A protein recovery percentage ≈28% was obtained for all samples except for viscera, which was ≈92%. These values represented...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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Series: | Marine Drugs |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/6/323 |
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author | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Houda Berrada Francisco J. Barba |
author_facet | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Houda Berrada Francisco J. Barba |
author_sort | Beatriz de la Fuente |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used to obtain protein extracts with antioxidant capacity from salmon muscle remains, heads, viscera, skin, and tailfins. A protein recovery percentage ≈28% was obtained for all samples except for viscera, which was ≈92%. These values represented an increase of 1.5–4.8-fold compared to stirring extraction (control). Different SDS-PAGE profiles in control and PLE extracts revealed that extraction conditions affected the protein molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. Both TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and ORAC (oxygen radical antioxidant capacity) assays showed an outstanding antioxidant activity for viscera PLE extract. Through liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple time-of-flight (nanoESI qQTOF) mass spectrometry, 137 and 67 peptides were identified in control and PLE extracts from salmon viscera, respectively None of these peptides was found among the antioxidant peptides inputted in the BIOPEP-UMP database. However, bioinformatics analysis showed several antioxidant small peptides encrypted in amino acid sequences of viscera extracts, especially GPP (glycine-proline-proline) and GAA (glycine-alanine-alanine) for PLE extracts. Further research on the relationship between antioxidant activity and specific peptides from salmon viscera PLE extracts is required. In addition, the salmon side streams studied presented non-toxic levels of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb, as well as the absence of mycotoxins or related metabolites. Overall, these results confirm the feasible use of farmed salmon processing side streams as alternative sources of protein and bioactive compounds for human consumption. |
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last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:44:36Z |
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spelling | doaj.art-245abe0e7f8e49e791fbd77192cbce152023-11-21T22:39:06ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972021-06-0119632310.3390/md19060323Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)Beatriz de la Fuente0Noelia Pallarés1Houda Berrada2Francisco J. Barba3Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, SpainThe pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used to obtain protein extracts with antioxidant capacity from salmon muscle remains, heads, viscera, skin, and tailfins. A protein recovery percentage ≈28% was obtained for all samples except for viscera, which was ≈92%. These values represented an increase of 1.5–4.8-fold compared to stirring extraction (control). Different SDS-PAGE profiles in control and PLE extracts revealed that extraction conditions affected the protein molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. Both TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and ORAC (oxygen radical antioxidant capacity) assays showed an outstanding antioxidant activity for viscera PLE extract. Through liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple time-of-flight (nanoESI qQTOF) mass spectrometry, 137 and 67 peptides were identified in control and PLE extracts from salmon viscera, respectively None of these peptides was found among the antioxidant peptides inputted in the BIOPEP-UMP database. However, bioinformatics analysis showed several antioxidant small peptides encrypted in amino acid sequences of viscera extracts, especially GPP (glycine-proline-proline) and GAA (glycine-alanine-alanine) for PLE extracts. Further research on the relationship between antioxidant activity and specific peptides from salmon viscera PLE extracts is required. In addition, the salmon side streams studied presented non-toxic levels of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb, as well as the absence of mycotoxins or related metabolites. Overall, these results confirm the feasible use of farmed salmon processing side streams as alternative sources of protein and bioactive compounds for human consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/6/323pressurized liquid extractionsalmonside streamspeptidesproteinSDS-PAGE |
spellingShingle | Beatriz de la Fuente Noelia Pallarés Houda Berrada Francisco J. Barba Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) Marine Drugs pressurized liquid extraction salmon side streams peptides protein SDS-PAGE |
title | Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) |
title_full | Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) |
title_fullStr | Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) |
title_full_unstemmed | Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) |
title_short | Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Side Streams as a Bioresource to Obtain Potential Antioxidant Peptides after Applying Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) |
title_sort | salmon i salmo salar i side streams as a bioresource to obtain potential antioxidant peptides after applying pressurized liquid extraction ple |
topic | pressurized liquid extraction salmon side streams peptides protein SDS-PAGE |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/6/323 |
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