Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations
Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation skin disorder that is more common in the female gender. Although melasma is a multifactorial skin disorder, however, sun-exposure and genetic predisposition are considered as the main etiologic factors in melasma occurrence. Although numerous topical and system...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1337282/full |
| _version_ | 1797230372587569152 |
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| author | Parisa Ghasemiyeh Rahil Fazlinejad Mohammad Reza Kiafar Shiva Rasekh Mohammad Mokhtarzadegan Soliman Mohammadi-Samani Soliman Mohammadi-Samani |
| author_facet | Parisa Ghasemiyeh Rahil Fazlinejad Mohammad Reza Kiafar Shiva Rasekh Mohammad Mokhtarzadegan Soliman Mohammadi-Samani Soliman Mohammadi-Samani |
| author_sort | Parisa Ghasemiyeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation skin disorder that is more common in the female gender. Although melasma is a multifactorial skin disorder, however, sun-exposure and genetic predisposition are considered as the main etiologic factors in melasma occurrence. Although numerous topical and systemic therapeutic agents and also non-pharmacologic procedural treatments have been considered in melasma management, however, the commonly available therapeutic options have several limitations including the lack of sufficient clinical effectiveness, risk of relapse, and high rate of unwanted adverse drug reactions. Recruitment of nanotechnology for topical drug delivery in melasma management can lead to enhanced skin penetration, targeted drug delivery to the site of action, longer deposition at the targeted area, and limit systemic absorption and therefore systemic availability and adverse drug reactions. In the current review, first of all, the etiology, pathophysiology, and severity classification of melasma have been considered. Then, various pharmacologic and procedural therapeutic options in melasma treatment have been discussed. Afterward, the usage of various types of nanoparticles for the purpose of topical drug delivery for melasma management was considered. In the end, numerous clinical studies and controlled clinical trials on the assessment of the effectiveness of these novel topical formulations in melasma management are summarized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:27:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-245cc13002c94499a50384dbbf16ffa1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:27:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-245cc13002c94499a50384dbbf16ffa12024-04-02T05:26:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-04-011510.3389/fphar.2024.13372821337282Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitationsParisa Ghasemiyeh0Rahil Fazlinejad1Mohammad Reza Kiafar2Shiva Rasekh3Mohammad Mokhtarzadegan4Soliman Mohammadi-Samani5Soliman Mohammadi-Samani6Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, IranPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMelasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation skin disorder that is more common in the female gender. Although melasma is a multifactorial skin disorder, however, sun-exposure and genetic predisposition are considered as the main etiologic factors in melasma occurrence. Although numerous topical and systemic therapeutic agents and also non-pharmacologic procedural treatments have been considered in melasma management, however, the commonly available therapeutic options have several limitations including the lack of sufficient clinical effectiveness, risk of relapse, and high rate of unwanted adverse drug reactions. Recruitment of nanotechnology for topical drug delivery in melasma management can lead to enhanced skin penetration, targeted drug delivery to the site of action, longer deposition at the targeted area, and limit systemic absorption and therefore systemic availability and adverse drug reactions. In the current review, first of all, the etiology, pathophysiology, and severity classification of melasma have been considered. Then, various pharmacologic and procedural therapeutic options in melasma treatment have been discussed. Afterward, the usage of various types of nanoparticles for the purpose of topical drug delivery for melasma management was considered. In the end, numerous clinical studies and controlled clinical trials on the assessment of the effectiveness of these novel topical formulations in melasma management are summarized.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1337282/fullmelasmahyperpigmentationtopical drug deliverynanoparticlesnanotechnologyskin permeation |
| spellingShingle | Parisa Ghasemiyeh Rahil Fazlinejad Mohammad Reza Kiafar Shiva Rasekh Mohammad Mokhtarzadegan Soliman Mohammadi-Samani Soliman Mohammadi-Samani Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations Frontiers in Pharmacology melasma hyperpigmentation topical drug delivery nanoparticles nanotechnology skin permeation |
| title | Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations |
| title_full | Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations |
| title_fullStr | Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations |
| title_short | Different therapeutic approaches in melasma: advances and limitations |
| title_sort | different therapeutic approaches in melasma advances and limitations |
| topic | melasma hyperpigmentation topical drug delivery nanoparticles nanotechnology skin permeation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1337282/full |
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