Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison
Abstract Background: Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially fatal disease in humans and dogs. The epidemiology and transmission dynamics of L. donovani in Sudan are poorly understood. We aim to determine the prevalence and characterization of L....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Knowledge E
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.18502/12sjms.v19i1.15788 |
| _version_ | 1797226338548973568 |
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| author | Ahmed Osman Ahmed Abdalla Abdullah A.A. Mohammed Hanan Abdalla Ahmed El hadi Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed Khaier Alsadig Abdalla Zainaldeen |
| author_facet | Ahmed Osman Ahmed Abdalla Abdullah A.A. Mohammed Hanan Abdalla Ahmed El hadi Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed Khaier Alsadig Abdalla Zainaldeen |
| author_sort | Ahmed Osman Ahmed Abdalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background: Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially fatal disease in humans and dogs. The epidemiology and transmission dynamics of L. donovani in Sudan are poorly understood. We aim to determine the prevalence and characterization of L. donovani in human hospital cases and domestic dogs using different diagnostic methods in two localities in Gadarif State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020. Whole blood samples and lymph node aspirates were collected from 69 human and 32 dog participants for parasitological, immunological, and molecular tests. Results: No parasites were detected in blood samples from either humans or dogs. Lymph node microscopy revealed 71.01% positivity in humans and 9.4% in dogs. The IT Leish test showed 82.6% positivity in humans and 43.75% in dogs. PCR confirmed L. donovani infection in all six selected samples (three from humans and three from dogs). Conclusion: The study confirmed the presence of L. donovani in both human and dog populations in the study area, suggesting that dogs may act as reservoirs or hosts for the parasite. The IT Leish kit test was the most sensitive and specific method, while microscopy of blood and lymph node smears was the least sensitive method. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of dogs in the transmission cycle of L. donovani and the risk factors associated with human infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:23:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-245d0b3722ee42d2878cd3f1c10bfb4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1858-5051 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:23:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Knowledge E |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-245d0b3722ee42d2878cd3f1c10bfb4c2024-04-03T05:55:54ZengKnowledge ESudan Journal of Medical Sciences1858-50512024-03-0119111913210.18502/12sjms.v19i1.1578812sjms.v19i1.15788Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic ComparisonAhmed Osman Ahmed Abdalla0Abdullah A.A. Mohammed1Hanan Abdalla Ahmed El hadi2Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed Khaier3Alsadig Abdalla Zainaldeen4 Department of Parasitology, Microbiology, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif State, Sudan Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif State, Sudan Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gadarif, Gadarif State, Sudan Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, SudanAbstract Background: Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially fatal disease in humans and dogs. The epidemiology and transmission dynamics of L. donovani in Sudan are poorly understood. We aim to determine the prevalence and characterization of L. donovani in human hospital cases and domestic dogs using different diagnostic methods in two localities in Gadarif State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020. Whole blood samples and lymph node aspirates were collected from 69 human and 32 dog participants for parasitological, immunological, and molecular tests. Results: No parasites were detected in blood samples from either humans or dogs. Lymph node microscopy revealed 71.01% positivity in humans and 9.4% in dogs. The IT Leish test showed 82.6% positivity in humans and 43.75% in dogs. PCR confirmed L. donovani infection in all six selected samples (three from humans and three from dogs). Conclusion: The study confirmed the presence of L. donovani in both human and dog populations in the study area, suggesting that dogs may act as reservoirs or hosts for the parasite. The IT Leish kit test was the most sensitive and specific method, while microscopy of blood and lymph node smears was the least sensitive method. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of dogs in the transmission cycle of L. donovani and the risk factors associated with human infection.https://doi.org/10.18502/12sjms.v19i1.15788leishmania donovani, sudan, dogs, prevalence, molecular diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Osman Ahmed Abdalla Abdullah A.A. Mohammed Hanan Abdalla Ahmed El hadi Mona Abdelrahman Mohamed Khaier Alsadig Abdalla Zainaldeen Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences leishmania donovani, sudan, dogs, prevalence, molecular diagnosis |
| title | Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison |
| title_full | Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison |
| title_short | Prevalence of Leishmania donovani Infection in Humans and Dogs in Gadarif State, Sudan: A Diagnostic Comparison |
| title_sort | prevalence of leishmania donovani infection in humans and dogs in gadarif state sudan a diagnostic comparison |
| topic | leishmania donovani, sudan, dogs, prevalence, molecular diagnosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.18502/12sjms.v19i1.15788 |
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