Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice.
Currently, over 88 million people are estimated to have adopted a vegan or vegetarian diet. Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid, which availability is largely dependent on dietary intake of meat, eggs and whole grains. Vegan/vegetarian diets are therefore inherently low in cysteine. Sufficient u...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0290493&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1827385696134889472 |
|---|---|
| author | Judith C W de Jong Kristel S van Rooijen Edwin C A Stigter M Can Gülersönmez Marcel R de Zoete Janetta Top Matthijs J D Baars Yvonne Vercoulen Folkert Kuipers Saskia W C van Mil Noortje Ijssennagger |
| author_facet | Judith C W de Jong Kristel S van Rooijen Edwin C A Stigter M Can Gülersönmez Marcel R de Zoete Janetta Top Matthijs J D Baars Yvonne Vercoulen Folkert Kuipers Saskia W C van Mil Noortje Ijssennagger |
| author_sort | Judith C W de Jong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, over 88 million people are estimated to have adopted a vegan or vegetarian diet. Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid, which availability is largely dependent on dietary intake of meat, eggs and whole grains. Vegan/vegetarian diets are therefore inherently low in cysteine. Sufficient uptake of cysteine is crucial, as it serves as substrate for protein synthesis and can be converted to taurine and glutathione. We found earlier that intermolecular cystine bridges are essential for the barrier function of the intestinal mucus layer. Therefore, we now investigate the effect of low dietary cystine on the intestine. Mice (8/group) received a high fat diet with a normal or low cystine concentration for 2 weeks. We observed no changes in plasma methionine, cysteine, taurine or glutathione levels or bile acid conjugation after 2 weeks of low cystine feeding. In the colon, dietary cystine restriction results in an increase in goblet cell numbers, and a borderline significant increase mucus layer thickness. Gut microbiome composition and expression of stem cell markers did not change on the low cystine diet. Remarkably, stem cell markers, as well as the proliferation marker Ki67, were increased upon cystine restriction in the small intestine. In line with this, gene set enrichment analysis indicated enrichment of Wnt signaling in the small intestine of mice on the low cystine diet, indicative of increased epithelial proliferation. In conclusion, 2 weeks of cystine restriction did not result in apparent systemic effects, but the low cystine diet increased the proliferative capacity specifically of the small intestine and induced the number of goblet cells in the colon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:30:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-245f5bbb1cd74fcaa93a853cb6262ffa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:30:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-245f5bbb1cd74fcaa93a853cb6262ffa2024-01-10T05:30:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01191e029049310.1371/journal.pone.0290493Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice.Judith C W de JongKristel S van RooijenEdwin C A StigterM Can GülersönmezMarcel R de ZoeteJanetta TopMatthijs J D BaarsYvonne VercoulenFolkert KuipersSaskia W C van MilNoortje IjssennaggerCurrently, over 88 million people are estimated to have adopted a vegan or vegetarian diet. Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid, which availability is largely dependent on dietary intake of meat, eggs and whole grains. Vegan/vegetarian diets are therefore inherently low in cysteine. Sufficient uptake of cysteine is crucial, as it serves as substrate for protein synthesis and can be converted to taurine and glutathione. We found earlier that intermolecular cystine bridges are essential for the barrier function of the intestinal mucus layer. Therefore, we now investigate the effect of low dietary cystine on the intestine. Mice (8/group) received a high fat diet with a normal or low cystine concentration for 2 weeks. We observed no changes in plasma methionine, cysteine, taurine or glutathione levels or bile acid conjugation after 2 weeks of low cystine feeding. In the colon, dietary cystine restriction results in an increase in goblet cell numbers, and a borderline significant increase mucus layer thickness. Gut microbiome composition and expression of stem cell markers did not change on the low cystine diet. Remarkably, stem cell markers, as well as the proliferation marker Ki67, were increased upon cystine restriction in the small intestine. In line with this, gene set enrichment analysis indicated enrichment of Wnt signaling in the small intestine of mice on the low cystine diet, indicative of increased epithelial proliferation. In conclusion, 2 weeks of cystine restriction did not result in apparent systemic effects, but the low cystine diet increased the proliferative capacity specifically of the small intestine and induced the number of goblet cells in the colon.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0290493&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Judith C W de Jong Kristel S van Rooijen Edwin C A Stigter M Can Gülersönmez Marcel R de Zoete Janetta Top Matthijs J D Baars Yvonne Vercoulen Folkert Kuipers Saskia W C van Mil Noortje Ijssennagger Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. PLoS ONE |
| title | Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. |
| title_full | Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. |
| title_fullStr | Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. |
| title_short | Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice. |
| title_sort | dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0290493&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT judithcwdejong dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT kristelsvanrooijen dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT edwincastigter dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT mcangulersonmez dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT marcelrdezoete dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT janettatop dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT matthijsjdbaars dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT yvonnevercoulen dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT folkertkuipers dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT saskiawcvanmil dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice AT noortjeijssennagger dietarycystinerestrictionincreasestheproliferativecapacityofthesmallintestineofmice |