The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to identify possible diagnostic markers for AS and determine their correlation with the infiltration of immune cells in AS...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.905921/full |
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| author | Zhen Ye Zhen Ye Xiao-kang Wang Yun-hui Lv Xin Wang Yong-chun Cui |
| author_facet | Zhen Ye Zhen Ye Xiao-kang Wang Yun-hui Lv Xin Wang Yong-chun Cui |
| author_sort | Zhen Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to identify possible diagnostic markers for AS and determine their correlation with the infiltration of immune cells in AS. In total, 10 serum samples from AS patients and 10 samples from healthy subjects were collected. The original gene expression profiles of GSE43292 and GSE57691 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model and support vector machine recursive feature elimination analyses were carried out to identify candidate markers. The diagnostic values of the identified biomarkers were determined using receiver operating characteristic assays. The compositional patterns of the 22 types of immune cell fraction in AS were estimated using CIBERSORT. RT-PCR was performed to further determine the expression of the critical genes. This study identified 17 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AS samples. The identified DEGs were mainly involved in non-small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, glucose intolerance, and T-cell leukemia. FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 have been identified as the diagnostic genes in AS. The expression of SCRG1 and FHL5 was distinctly downregulated in AS samples, and the expression of IBSP was distinctly upregulated in AS samples, which was further confirmed using our cohort by RT-PCR. Moreover, immune assays revealed that FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 were associated with several immune cells, such as CD8 T cells, naïve B cells, macrophage M0, activated memory CD4 T cells, and activated NK cells. Overall, future investigations into the occurrence and molecular mechanisms of AS may benefit from using the genes FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 as diagnostic markers for the condition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:53:38Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:53:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-247ca31a382d40829bbc9a100cd6e7412022-12-22T03:26:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-05-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.905921905921The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in AtherosclerosisZhen Ye0Zhen Ye1Xiao-kang Wang2Yun-hui Lv3Xin Wang4Yong-chun Cui5Center for Cardiovascular Experimental Study and Evaluation, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, ChinaCenter for Cardiovascular Experimental Study and Evaluation, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Cardiovascular Experimental Study and Evaluation, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Cardiovascular Experimental Study and Evaluation, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Cardiovascular Experimental Study and Evaluation, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, ChinaAtherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to identify possible diagnostic markers for AS and determine their correlation with the infiltration of immune cells in AS. In total, 10 serum samples from AS patients and 10 samples from healthy subjects were collected. The original gene expression profiles of GSE43292 and GSE57691 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model and support vector machine recursive feature elimination analyses were carried out to identify candidate markers. The diagnostic values of the identified biomarkers were determined using receiver operating characteristic assays. The compositional patterns of the 22 types of immune cell fraction in AS were estimated using CIBERSORT. RT-PCR was performed to further determine the expression of the critical genes. This study identified 17 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AS samples. The identified DEGs were mainly involved in non-small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary fibrosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, glucose intolerance, and T-cell leukemia. FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 have been identified as the diagnostic genes in AS. The expression of SCRG1 and FHL5 was distinctly downregulated in AS samples, and the expression of IBSP was distinctly upregulated in AS samples, which was further confirmed using our cohort by RT-PCR. Moreover, immune assays revealed that FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 were associated with several immune cells, such as CD8 T cells, naïve B cells, macrophage M0, activated memory CD4 T cells, and activated NK cells. Overall, future investigations into the occurrence and molecular mechanisms of AS may benefit from using the genes FHL5, IBSP, and SCRG1 as diagnostic markers for the condition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.905921/fullatherosclerosisimmune infiltrationdiagnosisbiomarkerGEO datasetsmachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Zhen Ye Zhen Ye Xiao-kang Wang Yun-hui Lv Xin Wang Yong-chun Cui The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis Frontiers in Immunology atherosclerosis immune infiltration diagnosis biomarker GEO datasets machine learning |
| title | The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis |
| title_full | The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis |
| title_fullStr | The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis |
| title_short | The Integrated Analysis Identifies Three Critical Genes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers Involved in Immune Infiltration in Atherosclerosis |
| title_sort | integrated analysis identifies three critical genes as novel diagnostic biomarkers involved in immune infiltration in atherosclerosis |
| topic | atherosclerosis immune infiltration diagnosis biomarker GEO datasets machine learning |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.905921/full |
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