Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends
Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/137 |
| _version_ | 1827605063421394944 |
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| author | Chun-Yan Shih Pei-Ting Wang Wu-Chou Su Hsisheng Teng Wei-Lun Huang |
| author_facet | Chun-Yan Shih Pei-Ting Wang Wu-Chou Su Hsisheng Teng Wei-Lun Huang |
| author_sort | Chun-Yan Shih |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:14:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2486bfc1b61e41ad80ef5096a29b266e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:14:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2486bfc1b61e41ad80ef5096a29b266e2023-12-03T11:54:54ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-02-019213710.3390/biomedicines9020137Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging TrendsChun-Yan Shih0Pei-Ting Wang1Wu-Chou Su2Hsisheng Teng3Wei-Lun Huang4Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanCenter of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanCenter of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, TaiwanSince the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/137nanomedicinephotodynamic therapyhypoxiananoscale metal–organic frameworksimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Chun-Yan Shih Pei-Ting Wang Wu-Chou Su Hsisheng Teng Wei-Lun Huang Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends Biomedicines nanomedicine photodynamic therapy hypoxia nanoscale metal–organic frameworks immunotherapy |
| title | Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends |
| title_full | Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends |
| title_fullStr | Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends |
| title_short | Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends |
| title_sort | nanomedicine based strategies assisting photodynamic therapy for hypoxic tumors state of the art approaches and emerging trends |
| topic | nanomedicine photodynamic therapy hypoxia nanoscale metal–organic frameworks immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/137 |
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