Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)
Abstract In September 2016, Piton de la Fournaise volcano, well known for its effusive and Hawaiian fountaining activity, produced, at the end of the eruption, an unusual phase of pulsating ash and bomb emission. Integration of geophysical data, with textural and petrological analysis of the samples...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008611 |
| _version_ | 1797638060449464320 |
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| author | Simon Thivet Lucia Gurioli Andrea Di Muro Allan Derrien Valérie Ferrazzini Mathieu Gouhier Diego Coppola Bo Galle Santiago Arellano |
| author_facet | Simon Thivet Lucia Gurioli Andrea Di Muro Allan Derrien Valérie Ferrazzini Mathieu Gouhier Diego Coppola Bo Galle Santiago Arellano |
| author_sort | Simon Thivet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In September 2016, Piton de la Fournaise volcano, well known for its effusive and Hawaiian fountaining activity, produced, at the end of the eruption, an unusual phase of pulsating ash and bomb emission. Integration of geophysical data, with textural and petrological analysis of the samples, allowed us to constrain the main factors that controlled this sudden shift in activity, potentially dangerous for the tourist population that usually approach these “gentle” eruptive sites. Volcanic tremor, lava discharge rates, fountain heights, and SO2 emission changed rapidly during the eruption. Grain size and componentry of the tephra beds evolved from unimodal all along the sequence to bimodal on the last day of the activity, reflecting the contribution of both Hawaiian fountaining at the main vent (Vent A) and transient explosive activity at the second vent (Vent B). Hawaiian fountaining produced highly vesicular and almost microlite‐free tephra (golden pumice and fluidal scoria) while transient explosive activity emitted denser and crystal‐rich tephra (sideromelane and tachylite scoria) sometimes mingled with vesicular fragments. Permeability measurements on lapilli and bomb‐sized samples reveal that golden pumice and fluidal scoria were more gas‐permeable than the sideromelane and tachylite ones, while textural and chemical analyses of the ash support the hypothesis that these sideromelane and tachylite components were inherited from the subsurface crystallization of the initial golden pumice and fluidal scoria components. We thus suggest that Vent B accumulated a plug of degassed, cooled, and low‐permeable magma, which modulated overpressure pulses under the late input of ascending magma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:58:14Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1525-2027 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:58:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
| spelling | doaj.art-248ae8da387744159c500f1a2dc569962023-11-03T16:55:47ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272020-02-01212n/an/a10.1029/2019GC008611Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)Simon Thivet0Lucia Gurioli1Andrea Di Muro2Allan Derrien3Valérie Ferrazzini4Mathieu Gouhier5Diego Coppola6Bo Galle7Santiago Arellano8Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne ‐ CNRS ‐ IRD, OPGC, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux Aubière Cedex FranceLaboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne ‐ CNRS ‐ IRD, OPGC, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux Aubière Cedex FranceObservatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F‐97418, La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion Paris FranceObservatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F‐97418, La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion Paris FranceObservatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F‐97418, La Plaine des Cafres, La Réunion Paris FranceLaboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne ‐ CNRS ‐ IRD, OPGC, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux Aubière Cedex FranceDipartimento di Scienze della Terra Università degli Studi di Torino Via Valperga Caluso 35 10125 Torino ItalyDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Hörsalsvägen 11, 412 96 Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Hörsalsvägen 11, 412 96 Gothenburg SwedenAbstract In September 2016, Piton de la Fournaise volcano, well known for its effusive and Hawaiian fountaining activity, produced, at the end of the eruption, an unusual phase of pulsating ash and bomb emission. Integration of geophysical data, with textural and petrological analysis of the samples, allowed us to constrain the main factors that controlled this sudden shift in activity, potentially dangerous for the tourist population that usually approach these “gentle” eruptive sites. Volcanic tremor, lava discharge rates, fountain heights, and SO2 emission changed rapidly during the eruption. Grain size and componentry of the tephra beds evolved from unimodal all along the sequence to bimodal on the last day of the activity, reflecting the contribution of both Hawaiian fountaining at the main vent (Vent A) and transient explosive activity at the second vent (Vent B). Hawaiian fountaining produced highly vesicular and almost microlite‐free tephra (golden pumice and fluidal scoria) while transient explosive activity emitted denser and crystal‐rich tephra (sideromelane and tachylite scoria) sometimes mingled with vesicular fragments. Permeability measurements on lapilli and bomb‐sized samples reveal that golden pumice and fluidal scoria were more gas‐permeable than the sideromelane and tachylite ones, while textural and chemical analyses of the ash support the hypothesis that these sideromelane and tachylite components were inherited from the subsurface crystallization of the initial golden pumice and fluidal scoria components. We thus suggest that Vent B accumulated a plug of degassed, cooled, and low‐permeable magma, which modulated overpressure pulses under the late input of ascending magma.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008611ashbasalticfragmentationHawaiian‐style activityPiton de la Fournaisetransient explosions |
| spellingShingle | Simon Thivet Lucia Gurioli Andrea Di Muro Allan Derrien Valérie Ferrazzini Mathieu Gouhier Diego Coppola Bo Galle Santiago Arellano Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems ash basaltic fragmentation Hawaiian‐style activity Piton de la Fournaise transient explosions |
| title | Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) |
| title_full | Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) |
| title_fullStr | Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) |
| title_short | Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France) |
| title_sort | evidences of plug pressurization enhancing magma fragmentation during the september 2016 basaltic eruption at piton de la fournaise la reunion island france |
| topic | ash basaltic fragmentation Hawaiian‐style activity Piton de la Fournaise transient explosions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008611 |
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