Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease
Over eighty million people in the United States have cardiovascular disease that can affect the heart causing myocardial infarction; the carotid arteries causing stroke; and the lower extremities leading to amputation. The treatment for end-stage cardiovascular disease is surgical—either e...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/917 |
| _version_ | 1811336680410447872 |
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| author | Alison Flentje Richa Kalsi Thomas S. Monahan |
| author_facet | Alison Flentje Richa Kalsi Thomas S. Monahan |
| author_sort | Alison Flentje |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over eighty million people in the United States have cardiovascular disease that can affect the heart causing myocardial infarction; the carotid arteries causing stroke; and the lower extremities leading to amputation. The treatment for end-stage cardiovascular disease is surgical—either endovascular therapy with balloons and stents—or open reconstruction to reestablish blood flow. All interventions damage or destroy the protective inner lining of the blood vessel—the endothelium. An intact endothelium is essential to provide a protective; antithrombotic lining of a blood vessel. Currently; there are no agents used in the clinical setting that promote reendothelialization. This process requires migration of endothelial cells to the denuded vessel; proliferation of endothelial cells on the denuded vessel surface; and the reconstitution of the tight adherence junctions responsible for the formation of an impermeable surface. These processes are all regulated in part and are dependent on small GTPases. As important as the small GTPases are for reendothelialization, dysregulation of these molecules can result in various vascular pathologies including aneurysm formation, atherosclerosis, diabetes, angiogenesis, and hypertension. A better understanding of the role of small GTPases in endothelial cell migration is essential to the development for novel agents to treat vascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:44:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2496c503c34b48ba95b031d99d14408f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:44:01Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2496c503c34b48ba95b031d99d14408f2022-12-22T02:37:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-0120491710.3390/ijms20040917ijms20040917Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular DiseaseAlison Flentje0Richa Kalsi1Thomas S. Monahan2Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADivision of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADivision of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Suite S10B00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USAOver eighty million people in the United States have cardiovascular disease that can affect the heart causing myocardial infarction; the carotid arteries causing stroke; and the lower extremities leading to amputation. The treatment for end-stage cardiovascular disease is surgical—either endovascular therapy with balloons and stents—or open reconstruction to reestablish blood flow. All interventions damage or destroy the protective inner lining of the blood vessel—the endothelium. An intact endothelium is essential to provide a protective; antithrombotic lining of a blood vessel. Currently; there are no agents used in the clinical setting that promote reendothelialization. This process requires migration of endothelial cells to the denuded vessel; proliferation of endothelial cells on the denuded vessel surface; and the reconstitution of the tight adherence junctions responsible for the formation of an impermeable surface. These processes are all regulated in part and are dependent on small GTPases. As important as the small GTPases are for reendothelialization, dysregulation of these molecules can result in various vascular pathologies including aneurysm formation, atherosclerosis, diabetes, angiogenesis, and hypertension. A better understanding of the role of small GTPases in endothelial cell migration is essential to the development for novel agents to treat vascular disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/917small GTPasescdc42rac1RhoAvascular endotheliumrestenosismigration |
| spellingShingle | Alison Flentje Richa Kalsi Thomas S. Monahan Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences small GTPases cdc42 rac1 RhoA vascular endothelium restenosis migration |
| title | Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease |
| title_full | Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease |
| title_fullStr | Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease |
| title_short | Small GTPases and Their Role in Vascular Disease |
| title_sort | small gtpases and their role in vascular disease |
| topic | small GTPases cdc42 rac1 RhoA vascular endothelium restenosis migration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/917 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alisonflentje smallgtpasesandtheirroleinvasculardisease AT richakalsi smallgtpasesandtheirroleinvasculardisease AT thomassmonahan smallgtpasesandtheirroleinvasculardisease |